Purity and Purifications of Solids Using Melting Points. free essay sample

Immaculateness and cleansings of solids utilizing liquefying focuses. Tatyana Aleksandrova CHE 337, Section 001 Department of Chemistry Portland State University, Portland, OR ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Unique Melting purposes of Naphthalene/Biphenyl blends contrasting in their percent arrangements were watched and plotted on a diagram that demonstrated eutectic purpose of the blend to be at 50 mole percent Naphthalene. Utilizing dissolving guide strategy toward distinguish blend Unknown H was resolved to be 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Presentation Melting point is a procedure utilized by scientists to recognize obscure substance. Mixes relying upon their compound structure have a particular dissolving point. Unadulterated substance has a sharp liquefying point with the most extreme scope of 5? C. Blends then again have more extensive territory. In light of these ideas obscure blends/substances can be dictated by joining them with the substance of the known dissolving point. Test Section Materials and Instruments: Melt Temp gadget used to electrically warm up substance to a known temperature. We will compose a custom paper test on Virtue and Purifications of Solids Using Melting Points. or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Glass slim to hold substance in a Melt Temp while warming. Naphthalene Biphenyl Unknown H Naphthalene and Biphenyl dissolving point assurance. Utilizing methodology for dissolving point assurance with Mel-Temp on p. 43-45 in FFF dissolving purposes of unadulterated Naphthalene, unadulterated Biphenyl and blends of the two were watched and recorded. Blends of Naphthalene and Biphenyl as indicated by their mass percent utilized in analyze: 10% Naphthalene, 90% Biphenyl 30% Naphthalene, 40% Biphenyl half Naphthalene, half Biphenyl 70% Naphthalene, 30% Biphenyl 90% Naphthalene, 10% Biphenyl Benefits of softening focuses acquired in the perception were recorded in Table 1 and plotted into Graph 1. ID of an Unknown utilizing Mixture Melting Points. MP of obscure H was resolved utilizing strategy demonstrated on p. 43-45 in FFF. Two known examples with the nearest to obscure H mps were resolved. Two blends were readied, each joining obscure with the known example in 50/50 extent. MP of every blend was watched and recorded. Blend that had sharp liquefying point was blend that contained indistinguishable parts. Results and conversation Liquefying focuses for blends containing diverse percent of Naphthalene to Biphenyl were watched, recorded, found the middle value of and charted in Table 1 and Graph 1. Normal was taken from a few outcomes got by natural science lab. Table 1. Normal dissolving direct explicit toward % Naphthalene in Naphthalene-Biphenyl blend % Naphthalene inNaphthalene-Biphenyl blend (%)| Corresponding Melting point ( °C )| 0| 68. 09| 10| 62. 36| 30| 53. 88| 50| 47. 74| 70| 50. 99| 90| 73. 55| 100| 78. 87| Mole Percent of Naphthalene Temperature (C) Graph 1. Liquefying Point Diagram for Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Watched liquefying purposes of unadulterated Naphthalene and Biphenyl (in Table 1) are steady with CRC Handbook1, that demonstrates softening temperatures for these substances at 80. 2 °C and 71. 0  °C, individually. In light of the diagram above eutectic point lies at half mole percent Naphthalene. Class results were arrived at the midpoint of, in this manner one mistaken outcome would impact the normal point, this could be a likely wellspring of blunder in the test. In any case, class normal for MP of unadulterated substances approached values in CRC Handbook. Another Source of mistake is restricted information focuses that were watched. Best fitted line showed in Table 1 can contain a wellspring of mistake because of the deficient number of information focuses. Utilizing Melting point method obscure H, was resolved to have MP in the range from 73. 3 to 75. 4. In light of its liquefying point it was blended in with 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and unadulterated Biphenyl. Results are accounted for in Table 2. Substance tested| Melting Point (  °C )| Unknown H/3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde| 76. 1 78. 7| Unknown H/unadulterated Biphenyl| 55. 0 59. 6| Table 2. Dissolving purposes of blends containing obscure H in 50/50 extent. In light of the way that blend with 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde had moderately short proximity of (76. 1  °C 78. 1  °C) with 2. 5  °C distinction in completion esteems, which can be considered as a sharp point, obscure H is 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Decision Melting point is a strategy used to recognize unadulterated substances by watching scopes of softening focuses as it was done in blends of Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Eutectic point, notwithstanding, ought to be kept in my when testing for unadulterated substances, for eutectic creations can misdirect aftereffects of the test if nothing else is thought of. Biphenyl’s on this strategy obscure H tried was resolved to be 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dependent on its sharp MT. Questions: 1. an) Examples in which an unadulterated substance could give an expansive liquefying range: 5 mole percent of Naphthalene to 95 mole percent of Biphenyl (which is acceptable level of virtue) has a wide dissolving range. b) Example of a circumstance in which a sullied substance liquefies pointedly: Mixture of 60 mole percent of Naphthalene and 40 mole percent of Biphenyl. Blend has eutectic arrangement. 2. Eutectic blend †blend in which extents of its constituents permit a uniform softening point for that blend. MP go is sharp, regardless of the way that blend is sullied. 3. Impacts of the polluting influences on liquefying conduct of benzoic corrosive: MP Benzoic Acid †122  °C a. Pieces of squashed glass †MP of smashed glass is around 1500  °C, which is much higher than MP of B. A. Because of the huge distinction in dissolving focuses between substances, glass will remain bankrupt. MP of B.. A. won't transform, it will soften with bits of glass in the substance. . Remaining recrystallization dissolvable â€mostly contains water, which would bring down the softening purpose of B. A. c. Channel paper filaments †MP of B. A. won't change, because of huge contrasts in Mps. Filaments will stay in the softened B. A. d. Particles of roof mortar that fell into the example †MP of B. A. won't change because of distinction in Mps. 4. FFF, 2. 8, p. 48: Suppose you ar e taking a MP and compound vanishes.. What was the deal? Compound was an unstable exacerbate that changes from strong to vaporous structure without experiencing fluid structure (sublimed). To forestall this one finish of the narrow ought to be fixed. 5. Since compound is in groups, it takes more warmth to experience layers to warm up a compound. In any case, more warmth doesn’t mean higher softening point. It has more substance to warm. 6. Regardless of whether two mixes have a similar liquefying point, in the event that they are not indistinguishable MT of their blend will be discouraged. Along these lines, blend that shows a similar MT as an obscure would distinguishing proof. References 1CRC Handbook, CRC Press: New York, 1999.

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog!

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog! The Essay Expert anticipates offering some benefit to MBA and EMBA candidates in two significant manners: 1) by offering MBA confirmations counseling administrations and 2) by sharing intriguing and valuable data in our MBA Admissions Blog. This blog is a gathering to examine issues of worry to MBA and EMBA candidates. We anticipate sharing our interpretation of a wide scope of issues with the goal that you will be ready for progress as you enter the application procedure. Youll see numerous things here composed by our freshest and most senior confirmations expert, Larry Sochrin. Larry is one of the most experienced MBA affirmations specialists in the business, having worked in this field for more than 14 years. He holds a MBA from Wharton, and recently talked with candidates to the school as a former student. A senior coach, Larry has conveyed workshops for gatherings of affirmations advisors on themes extending from meeting to applying to worldwide MBA schools. He has additionally given preparing classes for imminent business college candidates, just as for firms who offer confirmations counseling support as a worker advantage. Larry has guided customers through a few thousand MBA applications. He has answers to pretty much every conceivable inquiry you may experience as you experience the affirmations procedure. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 17, 2011

Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams!

Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams! Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams! Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams!Your mail contains a lot of sensitive info, and identity thieves can easily forward it to their own address.When it comes to scamming someone, the only limit is the scammer’s imagination. In fact, we wrote only last week about 10 common scams that you should be on the lookout for. It’s not like these people need us to make things easier for them, right?Well, unfortunately, we make things easy for them all the time. And on particularly egregious example comes directly from the US Postal Service.Why steal your money when a thief  can steal your identity instead?In the olden days, thieves would want to steal a person’s possessions or their money. But as our financial system has become more and more interconnected, it’s become much easier (and often more profitable) to steal a person’s identity.Impersonating a person with a good credit score gives you access to tons of loans and credit cards. An identity thief can then use th ese loans and credit cards to purchase all sorts of goodsâ€"without ever being responsible for paying their lenders back. That responsibility, unfortunately, falls on the person whose identity was stolen.The most important piece of information an identity thief can steal is your social security numberâ€"it’s like a password that allows them access to your entire life. But by stealing your address, your driver’s license number, your credit and debit card info, or your online usernames and actual  passwords, an identity thief can still do a lot of damage.Computers now give thieves much more advanced ways to access your information. By sending you a so-called “phishing” email, a thief can gain access to your computer and your email account. If anyone sends you an email asking you to click on a linkâ€"even if it looks like it’s coming from your friend’s accountâ€"be very, very cautious.Then again, there is one online method of identity theft that requires barely any hacking at all.The USPS change-of-address process is easyâ€"and its easy for scammers too.If you’ve ever moved, then you’ve had to go online to the website for the United States Postal Service (USPS) to change your address. If you’ve done so, you might have noticed that the process was pretty easy! Just fill out the form, and youre good to go.Even if you can’t go online to do it, the change-of-address process is still pretty easy! All you need to do is visit your local post office, fill out a change-of-address card, and pop it in the mail.Once your request has been processed, the USPS will start forwarding your mail to the new address. In order to verify that this request was legit, they will send a Confirmation Notification Letter to the new address. They will also send a Move Validation Letter to the old address.All in all, it is pretty easy, simple processâ€"which is exactly why its a huge problem. The process is so easy and so simple that pretty much anyone is able to change you r address. Including identity thieves.Identity thieves will forward your mail to a new address.When someone steals your identity, there is going to be evidence of their theft. For instance, if they sign up for a new credit card using your real information, you would receive that credit card in the mail as well as a monthly bill. It makes identity theft pretty easy to spot!But what if that identity thief were able to change your mailing address with USPS to an address that only they can access? All evidence of their identity theft would be hidden from their mark, and those new credit cards would be sent directly to the scammer, allowing them to run up the balances before anyone figures out what’s happening.And that’s not all. Changing your address actually helps them steal your information in the first place! All of those credit card bills and important documents that are being sent to you in the mail end up in their hands.A person’s name and address are pretty easy to find. Ar med with only that, a scammer can easily access the rest of your personal information by turning your mailbox into their personal treasure trove.Of course, people tend to notice when they stop getting mail altogetherâ€"or when they receive a notice looking to confirm their change-of-address. But those extra days or weeks it takes them to sort the issue out with USPS is sometimes all the time the thief needs to do their thing.This scam is being run all the time. Over the past year alone, there have been reports of these scams from Cleveland, Chicago, Florida, and New York. So long as the USPS makes changing your address this easy, these scammers will continue to prey on people.How can you protect yourself from change-of-address scams?Unfortunately, this is one of the harder identity theft practices to protect yourself against. When you get targeted by a change-of-address scam, you can contact the USPS to notify them that the change was fraudulent. But by that point, a lot of damage m ight have already been done.All the same: If you have been made a victim of the scheme, you should contact your local police department as well as the US Postal Inspectors at 1-877-876-2455. You can also go to IdentityTheft.gov and get a personalized plan to address the scam.The best way to prevent new accounts from being taken out in your name is to sign up for credit monitoring and to have a freeze put on your credit. While the freeze is in place, no new accounts can be opened using your personal information. (If you were a victim in last year’s Equifax hack, you might already have credit monitoring through their TrustedID program.)Even with credit monitoring, you should also be checking your credit reports regularly. The goods news is that you get one free copy of your credit report every year from each credit bureau. To request a copy, just visit www.AnnualCreditReport.com.Lastly, protect your home address from scammers by keeping a close watch on your mail. Don’t let it bui ld up in your mailbox or on your front porch for days at a time. Collect it promptly and bring it inside.We also recommend that you invest in a paper shredder. Once you’re done with your mail, just pop it in the machine and watch your sensitive personal information vanish. Just throwing away your mail isnt good enough. Identity thieves are not above digging through your trash to find your info.Like we said up top, there are so many ways for a person to scam you and steal your identity. Don’t make it easier for them.To learn more about protecting yourself from identity theft and other scams, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Protect Yourself From Phone Scams3 Identity Theft Warning Signs and Tips to Protect Your IdentityMulti-Level Marketing Scams: How a MLM “Job” Could End Up Costing You ThousandsHave you ever been scammed by someone who changed your mailing address? We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook   and  Twitter.

Andrew Cunningham - Admiral Andrew Cunningham - World War II - Royal Navy

Andrew Browne Cunningham was born January 7, 1883, outside Dublin, Ireland. The son of anatomy professor Daniel Cunningham and his wife Elizabeth, the Cunninghams family was of Scottish extraction. Largely raised by his mother, he began schooling in Ireland before being sent to Scotland to attend the Edinburgh Academy. At the age of ten, he accepted his fathers offer of pursuing a naval career and left Edinburgh to enter the Naval Preparatory School at Stubbington House. In 1897, Cunningham was accepted as a cadet in the Royal Navy and assigned to the training school aboard HMS Britannia at Dartmouth. Highly interested in seamanship, he proved a strong student and graduated 10th in a class of 68 the following April. Ordered to HMS Doris as a midshipman, Cunningham traveled to the Cape of Good Hope. While there, the Second Boer War began ashore. Believing there to be an opportunity for advancement on land, he transferred to the Naval Brigade and saw action in Pretoria and Diamond Hill. Returning to sea, Cunningham moved through several ships before commencing sub-lieutenants courses at Portsmouth and Greenwich. Passing, he was promoted and assigned to HMS Implacable. World War I Contributions Promoted to lieutenant in 1904, Cunningham passed through several peacetime postings before receiving his first command, HM Torpedo Boat #14 four years later. In 1911, Cunningham was placed in command of the destroyer HMS Scorpion. Aboard at the outbreak of World War I, he took part in the failed pursuit of the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben and cruiser SMS Breslau. Remaining in the Mediterranean, Scorpion participated in the early 1915 attack on the Dardanelles at the beginning of the Gallipoli Campaign. For his performance, Cunningham was promoted to commander and received the Distinguished Service Order. Over the next two years, Cunningham took part in routine patrol and convoy duty in the Mediterranean. Seeking action, he requested a transfer and returned to Britain in January 1918. Given command of HMS Termagent in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes Dover Patrol, he performed well and earned a bar for his DSO. With the end of the war, Cunningham moved to HMS Seafire and in 1919 received orders to sail for the Baltic. Serving under Rear Admiral Walter Cowan, he worked to keep the sea lanes open to newly independent Estonia and Latvia. For this service, he was awarded a second bar for his DSO. Interwar Years Promoted to captain in 1920, Cunningham moved through a number of senior destroyer commands and later served as Fleet Captain and Chief of Staff to Cowan in North America and West Indies Squadron. He also attended the Army Senior Officers School and the Imperial Defense College. Upon completing the latter, he received his first major command, the battleship HMS Rodney. In September 1932, Cunningham was elevated to rear admiral and made Aide-de-Camp to King George V. Returning to the Mediterranean Fleet the following year, he oversaw its destroyers which relentlessly trained in ship handling. Raised to vice admiral in 1936, he was made second in command of the Mediterranean Fleet and placed in charge of its battlecruisers. Highly regarded by the Admiralty, Cunningham received orders to return to Britain in 1938 to assume the post of Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff. Taking this position in December, he was knighted the following month. Performing well in London, Cunningham received his dream posting on June 6, 1939, when he was made commander of the Mediterranean Fleet. Hoisting his flag aboard HMS Warspite, he began planning for operations against the Italian Navy in case of war. World War II Contributions With the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Cunninghams primary focus became protecting the convoys that supplied British forces in Malta and Egypt. With the defeat of France in June 1940, Cunningham was forced to enter into tense negotiations with Admiral Rene-Emile Godfroy regarding the status of the French squadron at Alexandria. These talks were complicated when the French admiral learned of the British attack on Mers-el-Kebir. Through skillful diplomacy, Cunningham succeeded in convincing the French to allow their ships to be interned and their men repatriated. Though his fleet had won several engagements against the Italians, Cunningham sought to dramatically alter the strategic situation and reduce the threat to Allied convoys. Working with the Admiralty, a daring plan was conceived which called for a nighttime airstrike against the Italian fleets anchorage at Taranto. Moving forward on November 11-12, 1940, Cunninghams fleet approached the Italian base and launched torpedo planes from HMS Illustrious. A success, the Taranto Raid sank one battleship and badly damaged two more. The raid was extensively studied by the Japanese when planning their attack on Pearl Harbor. In late March 1941, under heavy pressure from Germany to halt the Allied convoys, the Italian fleet sortied under the command of Admiral Angelo Iachino. Informed of enemy movements by Ultra radio intercepts, Cunningham met the Italians and won a decisive victory at the Battle of Cape Matapan on March 27-29. In the battle, three Italian heavy cruisers were sunk and a battleship damaged in exchange for three British killed. That May, following the Allied defeat on Crete, Cunningham successfully rescued over 16,000 men from the island despite taking heavy losses from Axis aircraft. Later War In April 1942, with the United States now in the war, Cunningham was appointed to the naval staff mission to Washington, DC and built a strong relationship with the Commander-in-Chief of the US Fleet, Admiral Ernest King. As a result of these meetings, he was given command of the Allied Expeditionary Force, under General Dwight D. Eisenhower, for the Operation Torch landings in North Africa late that fall. Promoted to admiral of the fleet, he returned to the Mediterranean Fleet in February 1943 and worked tirelessly to ensure that no Axis forces would escape from North Africa. With the conclusion of the campaign, he again served under Eisenhower in commanding the naval elements of the invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and the landings in Italy that September. With the collapse of Italy, he was present at Malta on September 10 to witness the formal surrender of the Italian fleet. Following the death of the First Sea Lord, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound, Cunningham was appointed to the post on October 21. Returning to London, he served as a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee and provided overall strategic direction for the Royal Navy. In this role, Cunningham attended the major conferences at Cairo, Tehran, Quebec, Yalta, and Potsdam during which plans for the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Japan were formulated. Cunningham remained First Sea Lord through the end of the war until his retirement in May 1946. Later Life For his wartime service, Cunningham was created Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope. Retiring to Bishops Waltham in Hampshire, he lived in a house that he and his wife, Nona Byatt (m. 1929), had purchased before the war. During his retirement, he held several ceremonial titles including Lord High Steward at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Cunningham died in London on June 12, 1963, and was buried at sea off Portsmouth. A bust was unveiled in Trafalgar Square in London on April 2, 1967, by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in his honor. Sources Antill, Peter,  Admiral Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1883 - 1963.â€Å"Biography of Andrew Cunningham.†Ã‚  Royal Naval Museum, Royal Naval Museum Library, 2004.

Writing Is An Important Aspect - 1124 Words

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Insect Repellant Free Essays

Introduction A. Background of the Study For us, a house is a place of residence. It is usually a place in which an individual or a family can rest, store personal property, and prepare food. We will write a custom essay sample on Insect Repellant or any similar topic only for you Order Now In able for the house to fulfill its function, we need to eliminate some factors that disturb us in doing these things. One example is the insect. One of the easiest ways to prevent insects is to use insect repellant. This is the reason why I decide to make a liquid insect repellant for my Science Investigatory Project. There are many commercially available liquid insect repellant in the market. The commonly used commercial liquid insect repellant in the Philippines is quite unaffordable and use chemical that may cause irritation. I plan to use natural ingredients in my Science Investigatory Project. Since the ingredient to be used is natural, the liquid insect repellant to be made is more affordable and environment friendly. B. Statement of the Problem Is it possible to make an effective liquid repellant out of cacao leaves, garlic, vegetable oil, and eucalyptus oil? If it is possible, how is the price and effectiveness of it comparing to the commercially available one? C. Significance of the Study The study is significant to the people who want to protect their house and their love ones against insects specially those who cannot afford the commercially available insect repellant which uses chemicals. Chapter II : Review of Related Literature Chemical Repellants It is no wonder that, considering all of the above mentioned diseases, humans have worked for decades searching for a way to repel these insects. In 1946, a chemical called DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) was developed by the US Army and released for civilian use in 1957. DEET confuses the receptors of most biting insects, rendering them virtually ‘blind’ and thus much†¦ How to cite Insect Repellant, Papers

Report on the UK Criminal Law

Question: Dicuss a reflective report on the UK Criminal Law in the year 2014 - 2015? Answer: As per the requirements of the assignment, a reflective has been drawn upon the criminal law from the year 2014 to 2015 in United Kingdom. Various changes has been adapted on criminal law in the United Kingdom. In the month of March 2015, a change has been regarding the criminal procedure rule. The Criminal Procedure Rule Committee is liable for the changes, which is referred as Amendment No 2. These changes bring to the criminal law a new and innovative procedure for conducting trials in magistrates courts. The new rule is termed as trial by a single justice on the papers. Sections 46 to 50 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 make changes to the Justices' Courts Act 1980, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and some different Acts. The new statutory provisions apply to offenses charged against a grown-up (not somebody under 18), if the charged offense must be attempted in a judges' court (thus is not one sufficiently genuine to be sent to the Crown Court for trial) and if, in the occasion of conviction, the sentence for the offense cannot be detainment. Where the new provisions apply, a solitary justice of the peace, on the premise of composed material, can attempt the litigant just, in the parties' unlucky deficiency furthermore, without a hearing. The new provisions require the Criminal Procedure Rules to recommend the archives that the prosecutor must send to the litigant, and to endorse the period inside which the litigant must react to those reports before a solitary justice trial can occur (Justice.gov, 2014). In the month of February, some of the changes, which are made regarding criminal procedure, came into force on 2nd February 2015. The parts, which are affected are as follows: 6, 17, 39, 52 and 76. New rules, which have been added up on the criminal proceedings, are stated below: New rule has been added which is known as ground rules hearing. This addition is made on part 3 of the criminal procedure rules. New rule is also added up on part 63 of the criminal proceeding. The new rule states that advance notice is compulsory if an evidence is going to presented in the court of law during the appeal. This rule is only applicable if the appeal is made to the Crown court against a conviction by a magistrates court (justice.gov, 2015). In the month of September 2014, Tessa Szagun who used to be member of the committee had retired. Thus, Lord Chancellor has appointed Sian Jones as the Justices clerk Committee member. A list of standard trial preparation time limits has been enlisted in the page 7 of the magistrates courts trial preparation form. Time limits are stated in order to clarify the particular obligation on the defendant during the time of preparing application for prosecution disclosure. In the month August 2014 the list of standard trial preparation limit of the time in the page 7 of the court of the magistrate trial preparation form has been authorized to make amendment by The Lord Chief Justice. The limit of time for the Application for disclosure has be written again in order to make the obligation of the defendant clear for the prosecution disclosure in order to make an application. This form comes in the Forms page under the heading Part-3-Case management. On the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website the amendments were published. The amendments have appeared on 6th October, 2014 after those come into force. There has been a replacement of the the Criminal Procedure Rules 2013, the Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2013 and the Criminal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2013.in the year 2014. The new rules come into force on Monday 6th October 2014. The new changes include the process of the trial and its preparation considering parts 3, 38 and 39 of the Criminal Procedure Rules. This is followed by the process of appeals to the high court considering the extradition cases in Part 17 of the Rules. It also includes the expert evidence of part 33 of the Rules. Lastly it also includes the procedures that need to be adhered to in case certain proceedings are considered to be void or when there are certain orders that are deemed to be set aside. This is also applicable in a magistrates court considering part 37 of the Rules (justice.gov, 2015). The second aspect of the amendment include the service of the documents pertaining to part 4 along with the applications for the access to certain materials that are used for the purpose of attaining search warrants as per part 5. The production of the indictments pertaining to the Crown courts were also amended for parts 12 and 14. If a defendant was charged for low value shop lifting, then they would from now on be sent to trial. Amendments were also brought about for the application for witnesses summons as per part 28, for endorsing driving records as per part 55 and for the behaviour orders as per part 50 (justice.gov, 2015). In the month of March 2014 for preparation of trial the Lord Chief Justice has authorized the use of the amendment form in magistrates courts so that the defendant pleads not guilty. The Rule Committees case management group that is inclusive of members of others practitioners and the committee devise them. In order to assist courts the modifications are planned in order to avoid hearings which are not required to ensure that the trial occurs effectively and on time. The notes and form are structured on the Forms page, which comes under the section Part-3- Case management. Reference: Justice.gov.uk (2015). A GUIDE TO THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE RULES 2014 (S.I. 2014/1610). Retrieved 1 April 2015, from https://www./courts/procedure-rules/criminal/docs/2014/criminal-procedure-rules-2014.pdf Justice.gov.uk, (2015). A GUIDE TO THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (AMENDMENT) RULES 2015 (S.I. 2015/13). [online] Available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/criminal/docs/2015/guide-to-criminal-procedure-amendment-rules-2015.pdf [Accessed 1 Apr. 2015]. Justice.gov.uk, (2014). Criminal Procedure Rules. [online] Available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/criminal [Accessed 1 Apr. 2015].

Business Plan for Chad and Kyle

Table of Contents Abstract The Benefits of a Business Plan The Structure of the Business Plan Sources of Finances Tips in Presenting the Business Plan Conclusion References Abstract Most small business owners start and operate their businesses without paying any attention to the importance or necessity of a business plan. They, however, realise the need for it at a later stage in the business especially when they require financial assistance such as a loan from a bank and other financial institutions. A business plan is a detailed outline of the structure of the business and vital activities that go into the operation of the business for its success.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan for Chad and Kyle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It answers questions such as what are the products of the business. What is the target market of the business? What is the competitive advantage of the business? What costs are incurred to start up the business? What are the strategies of the business in order to remain competitive? What is the structure of management? Who owns the business? (Small Business Administration, 2011). This paper seeks answers for the above questions with special regard to the business of Chad and Kyle. The Benefits of a Business Plan It is critical for any business that wishes to survive to have a detailed and updated business plan. This is because a business plan is used to analyze and measure the potential of the business, for instance, by potential investors before investing their money into the business. Since it outlines all the areas of the business, one can use it to analyse the viability of the business by checking the target market. Hence, this helps in determining the likely market share for the business. The strategies of the business could also imply the direction towards which the business heads (Small Business Administration, 2011). Secondly, a business plan is a tool for internal business analysis in that it allows the management of the business to set objectives; acts as a reminder of both the objectives and the position of the business. In short, the plan lists the business strategies and ways to achieve them effectively. Therefore, it acts as a map for the management to follow in their quest for success (Harvard Business School, 2011). Thirdly, a business plan acts as tool for communication. The entrepreneur may have a vision of the business in future. However, the employees and other external stakeholders may not necessarily be in tune with the entrepreneur. Therefore, the business plan is a means for the entrepreneur to communicate the vision or the idea to the employees and the external stakeholders such as the investors (Harvard Business School, 2011). Fourthly, a business plan is the fundamental tool in forming future or present relationships in the world of business. For instance, the business may want to merge with othe r businesses and the business plan is vital in explaining the position of the business and its structures, strategies, competitive advantage and its ownership.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This factors influence the nature of the relationship the entrepreneur seeks. For example, in a merger the owners of both businesses must agree on who owns what stake/ percentage of the business. The business plans of the two businesses will enable the definition of such key decisions in the process (Zimmerer, 2010). Lastly, the business plan enables the business in getting large contracts. This is important as it enables the business to keep growing in aspects such as market share, increased popularity, and increased faith in the business by the relevant customers and obviously increase in revenue and profits (Zimmerer, 2010). The Structure of the Business Plan The business plan should consist of the following aspects: Business Description: This involves a summary of the company/business in terms of its products/services, the target market, the executive summary, the ownership of the business the start-up costs and the management summary. It serves to provide an overview of the business for introductory purposes. Market Analysis: It involves an in-depth analysis of the market in which the business will operate. The analysis identifies the target market, the various factors that influence entry into the market, the benefits of targeting the market, the other competitors in the market, their effect on the business, the challenges the business is facing and how to overcome such challenges (Zimmerer, 2010). It also establishes the market share of the business and the prospective future market share of the business in the market. Market analysis enables management to come up with feasible strategies of capturing the desired market share (Sexton Upton, 1991). Marketi ng Plan: This involves a detailed plan of action of how the business intends its products and services to get the customers’ attention. It also details efforts of the marketing department in both the present and future. Design and Development Plan: This consists of details about the designing and development of the services offered by the business to meet the expectations of the consumers. It should explain the competitive advantages of the product/services, how the product is used, the risks involved and plans to improve and develop new products (Sexton Upton, 1991). Manufacturing and Operations Plan: This involves the production aspects of the business in terms of how such factors as the location of the facility enables the business to compete effectively. It should clearly explain the decisions involved in the production process and their effects on the survival and profitability of the business (Timmons, 2004). Management Team: It involves a detailed structure of the man agement team including the ownership of the business (Timmons, 2004). Financial Analysis: This section gives the economic feasibility of the business. That is, whether the business is economically justified to do what it is doing. It includes break-even analysis and the expected profits in the future. Financial Plan: This provides projected financial section to justify the economic feasibility of the business over time (Timmons, 2004). Proposed Company Financing: This is a detailed account of means through which management has funded the business or expects to fund the business (Zimmerer, 2010). Appendices: It provides all the supporting documents to support the claims made in the business plan for example, supplier agreements, copies of contracts, licenses and references. The business plan must have a design that suits the expectations of the people or group of people it targets. For instance, in the case of Kyle and Chad, the business plan must be tailored to meet the expectation s of the lenders or investors or the bankers. In this case, therefore the business plan must demonstrate the economic viability of the business. It must show the investors that the business has the capability to grow and to capture more market share (Timmons, 2004). It must also bring to the forefront that the business possesses enough assets such that the bankers know that there exists enough collateral in case of failure to repay a loan. The business plan should also provide evidence that the business generates adequate or more than adequate cash flows to guarantee payment of borrowed funds (Harvard Business School, 2011). Sources of Finances For small businesses, the financing options are a bit narrow. This is because the small businesses lack collateral and evidence of sustainability in terms of promising cash flows. However, there are still options such as a bank loan or a loan from other lenders. One could also offer some of the company’s equity for money therefore shar ing ownership with the investor (Small Business Administration, 2011). Tips in Presenting the Business Plan The business plan should be short, precise and straight to the point. That is, there is no need of giving so many details except where necessary. In addition, it should be neatly typed and bound. The presenter should also be smartly dressed and fluent in his communication skills. He should also clearly make a justification of the financial data for instance, by use of carefully illustrated visual aids.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan for Chad and Kyle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The business plan should also demonstrate the viability and importance of the product or service providing reasons why the investors should invest in the products. Moreover, the presenter should have prior knowledge of what the audience expects from the presentation. In addition, he should study the reactions of the audience as he makes the presentation and react appropriately (Small Business Administration, 2011). Conclusion A business plan is the most fundamental tool that any small and medium business owner can have if he wishes to be successful both in the short-run and in the end (Timmons, 2004). This is because of its application in analysis and planning. Moreover, it is paramount for communication and as a day-to-day reminder of the actions required to achieve success in the operations of the business (Zimmerer, 2010). Consequently, it is important that Chad and Kyle pay more attention to the development of a solid business plan to ensure they succeed in securing the funds they require for the expansion their business. References Harvard Business School. (2011). Entrepreneurship: Business Plans. Web. Sexton, D. and Upton, B. (1991). Entrepreneurship: Creativity and Growth. New York: McMillan. Small Business Administration. (2011). Writing a Business Plan. Web. Timmons, J.A. (2004). N ew Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century. Boston: Irwin/McGraw Hill.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Zimmerer, W. (2010). Effective Small Business Management. Scarborough: Pearson-Prentice Hall. This essay on Business Plan for Chad and Kyle was written and submitted by user Aubrey Cotton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Chapter 11

Essay on Chapter 11 Essay on Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Preparing a Document for Prepress and Printing Objectives Explore color theory and resolution issues Work in CMYK mode Specify spot colors Create crop marks Create bleeds Save file as a PDF Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Energy from the sun hits the earth in waves: X-rays Gamma rays Ultraviolet rays Visual light rays (white light) Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues White light broken down into seven distinct colors (as seen in a rainbow) Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Colors in visible spectrum can be broken into red, green, and blue (primary colors). – Primary colors cannot be reduced – Additive refers to the fact that the primary colors combine to produce other colors – Red, green, and blue, when combined equally, produce white light – True black is the absence of all light Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues White light Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Subtractive primary colors Three things can happen when light strikes an object: – Reflection – when light ‘bounces’ off the object – Absorption – when light is not reflected – Transmission – when light passes through an object Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Depending on physical properties of object, varying amounts of light are reflected, absorbed, and transmitted. Red, green, and blue light not reflected in equal amounts. Color is based on percentages of red, green, and blue reflected, and the color that combination of light produces. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Cyan, magenta, and yellow are called subtractive primary colors. Each is produced by removing or subtracting one of the primary colors completely. Overlapping all three pigments would absorb all colors. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Cyan is â€Å"minus red† Magenta is â€Å"minus green† Yellow is â€Å"minus blue† Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Color printing uses the three subtractive primary colors plus black to produce a color image or tint. The standard color for paper is white. Cyan, magenta, and yellow are manufactured to be transparent. The color you see on a printed page is light reflected off the page. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues The color of the printed image is reflected off the paper, not the inks Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues CMYK inks (process inks) are not perfect. Ability to transmit light not perfect. In theory, overlapping all three inks should produce black because no light would be reflected. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues The image on the left was printed with only CMY inks Black inks add contrast and depth to image on the image on the right Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Illustrator is a vector-based drawing program. Graphics you create are called vector graphics. Vector graphics are resolution independent because they are not comprised of pixels. You can resize vector graphics without any concern for quality. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues You can convert vector graphics to bitmap graphics by a process called rasterization. Bitmaps are comprised of a rectangular grid of colored squares called pixels. Pixels is short for picture elements. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Images composed of pixels include: Scanned images Digital images Rasterized Illustrator graphics Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues The number of pixels in a given inch is referred to as the image’s resolution. To be effective they must create the illusion of continuous tone. Explore Color Theory and Resolution Issues Effective resolution refers to the resolution of a placed image based on its size in the layout. Relevant only to bitmap graphics because vector graphics do not have pixels. Explore Color Theory and Resolution

Shinto Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shinto Reflection - Essay Example Shinto Shrine is one of the most common sacred spaces among religious groups. It is a sacred space designed for worship purpose of the Shinto groups of Japan. Shinto is an indigenous religious group professed by the people of Japan and it involves action-based religious beliefs and practices (Breen and Teeuwen 2000). Ritual practices are practiced by this religious group diligently to connect between modern Japan and the ancient Japan. It is a traditional religion of Japan as opposed to modern Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Shinto involves the worship of Kami, which refers to divinity, spirits or sacred essence. These sacred essences and divinities include animals, rivers, trees, rocks and places. Shinto people believe that people and Kami are inseparable (Hardacre 1986). Therefore, Shinto use the Shinto shrines to meet and worship the Kami as a way of demonstrating their sacred life and beliefs. The design of Shinto Shrines also shows the architectural style of Japanese history, which reveals values, beliefs and practices of the Shinto. At the front there is a Japanese gate consisting of two upright bars and two crossbars that show the separation between common space and sacred space (Hardacre 1986). These gates are known as torii, and they exist in twenty styles that match the buildings and the enshrined Kami and lineage. Therefore, the Shinto shrine reflects the sacred worship of Kami by the Shinto from the gate. The Shinto shrine also reflects the beliefs of the Shinto people who worship there through various symbolic and real barriers between the normal world and the shrine space.

Blackberry Smartphones and Other Competitors Term Paper

Blackberry Smartphones and Other Competitors - Term Paper Example Consumers are attracted to the features that a smartphone brand exhibits such as touch screen capability, music, fast internet speeds, camera and expansive storage. The opinions that consumers of smartphones provide reveal that there are psychographics that determine the smartphone they prefer such as its popularity among peers. It is therefore reflective that competitive advantage and improved market performance is achieved by mobile phone companies by providing features that meet the needs and preferences of consumers as well as effective marketing strategies. Introduction Advancement in information and communication technology has had a significant impact in the mobile industry. Developments in the mobile industry emanate from creativity, innovativeness and customer needs motivated design of phones (Parsons 2012). More notable is the introduction of the smartphone technologies and mobile applications. This has resulted from the changes in the preferences and needs of consumers. In return mobile companies have demonstrated increased competition which is driving the various strategies in marketing which are employed to achieve a competitive advantage within the market (Strategic Direction 2009). This paper presents an analytical report on the Blackberry smartphone versus Samsung, iPhone and HTC which comprise of its main competitors. ... Blackberry Smartphone versus Competitors When Blackberry was introduced to the market by the Research In Motion Ltd, many competitors sprouted within the smartphone market with an aim of grabbing a significant share of the mobile phone market (Shields 2010). Early brands of the Blackberry such as the 7000, 7100 and 8000 series attracted many consumers with a resultant advantageous positioning of these brands in the market (Woyke 2011). This is attributed to the customer value that was achieved by the innovativeness of the company and the provision of attractive features such as Wi-F, options for memory expansion and in-built cameras (Shepherd 2010). These brand elements as presented by the design of the blackberry is attributed to the strategic and better positioning of Blackberry within the market. More innovation was included within the Blackberry mobile as demonstrated by the mobile applications that are provided within its smartphone brands (Mobile Phones Industry Profile: Europe 2011). The mobile phone industry is characterized by rapid changes in the preferences and needs of consumers. This is attributed to the business competition that Blackberry received from other smartphone brands such as Samsung, iPhone and HTC Mobile (Boost Mobile 2012). The competitor companies provided more innovative features such as fast processing speeds, high megapixel cameras, full touch screen capabilities, android and thousands of mobile software applications for the diverse needs of the consumers (Segan and Jenn 2007). In this sense, the ability of Blackberry to maintain its position in the market would only be achieved through Customer Based Equity (CBE), brand advertising and marketing communication that was

Corporate Governance and Value Creation Relationship

Corporate Governance and Value Creation Relationship Department of Economics VALUE CREATION AND THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Abstract Corporate Governance is a subject of many professional and academic debates. Since there are many different research and contexts associated with corporate governance problem, then, this topic has continued to be an interesting topic under scrutiny. However, is has been observed that the relationship between corporate governance and value creation of corporation remains as an untapped area with enough consideration. This paper tends to investigate this linkage and using Enron case as critical analysis. TABLE OF CONTENTS (JUMP TO) 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Literature Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Corporate governance and performance of the company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. 1. Definition and explanation of key concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. 1. 1. The concept of corporate governance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. 2. 2. The concept of value creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3. 2. 2. 1. Definition of value creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3. 2. 2. 2. The importance of value creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3. 2. 2. 3. Measuring Value-creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3. 2. The impact of corporate governance in the Value Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. The role of finance in creating value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 1. The principles of management by the financial value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 1. 1. The principle of double market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 1. 2. The principle of identifying financial levers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4. 1. 3. The principle of internal steering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4. 2. The mechanisms and the extent of creating value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4. 2. 1. The economic indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4. 2. 2. The indicators such as accounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4. 2. 3. The nature of stock market indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4. 3. The limits of management by the financial value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264. 3. 1. Scope limited and performance standards unrealistic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4. 3. 2. Transfer of risk to the employee shareholder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4. 3. 3. Focus on short-term and limits the cost of capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5. Critical approach to corporate governance: the case of Enron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5. 1. Introduction of the Enron affair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5. 2. Enrons scandal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5. 3. The consequences of this scandal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5. 4. The lesson from Enron Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7. Further study recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 List of Abbreviations NGO Non- Governmental Organization US United State CEO Chief Executive Officer BOD Board of Directors COO Chief Operating Officer CFO Chief Financial Officer CRO Chief Risk Officer CFROI Cash Flow Return on Investment EVA Economic Value Added RCF Residual Cash Flow DCF Discounted Cash Flow CVA Cash Value Added RAN The Rainforest Action Network MFV Management by the Financial Value TSR Total Shareholder Return MVA Market Value Added NPV Net Present Value EPS Earnings per Share ROE Return on Equity EROR Economic Rate of Return PBR Price to Book Ratio 1. Introduction The successive industrial revolutions of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century were a major factor for the development of Western capitalism and gave gradually traits that characterize it today. In this movement, the company as a structure that brings together human beings who are organized to act on nature to obtain useful results and thus create value has always been at the heart of the capitalist system. However, in recent decades, many changes have affected the financial-market capitalism and gave new prominence to creating value for shareholders of the company. This has resulted in the emergence of a form of management oriented to advance the financial value and mobilize employees to that goal. This focus on value creation reflects a desire to meet the requirements of the shareholder because it has become in the current financial world a king increasingly adulated and increasingly capricious. Undoubtedly, this logic has largely influenced the conduct of the strategy of com panies that demonstrate ingenuity to cope with competition and remain competitive. However, it has undergone profound questioned at a number of scandals that have marked with an indelible history of finance and have been accompanied by strengthening institutional mechanisms for regulation of businesses and financial markets. In such a context of questioning, suspicion and doubt in respect of managerial practices, questions about the role of governance and firms value creation does it not absolute importance to apprehend the changes that occurring within the company? The aim of this paper is to answer this question. The structure of the paper is organized as follows. Section 1 provides a background of what has been done in the literature in the effort to capture relationship between corporate governance and value creation. Section 2 introduces the key concepts such as corporate governance and value creation. Section 3 illustrates the role of finance in creating value in firms. Empirical approach are presented and discussed in section 4, with special stress on the managerial behaviour in Enrons Company. Section 5 will conclude and propose further areas of research. 2. Literature review On the topic of relationship between corporate governance and value creation, there have been various researches and conclusions. Before examining about the relationship between corporate governance and value creation, many early studies has explored the linkage between Ownership and Value Creation as a beginning. Talking about owners who have been passionate about their ideas and visions to create the best value for their company, study named Ownership and Value creation of Carlsson. R. H (2001) gave a valuable historical review and illustration with case how active ownership has played an important role in company development. Through this book, we can see that ownership makes significant differences in corporate governance, it fulfils an indispensable role in the market and its quality made firm the best value. Later, in his research Corporate Governance and Value Creation, Jean-Paul Page (2005) has referred to the financial approach to corporate governance in his analysis. He has explored the connection between the foundation of power and decision making to create the large value for firms. In order to focus on an in-depth analysis of the links between value creation and governance, his research started with the assumption that regulation and laws exist to constrain corporate activities which could harm society as well as the economy, then corporate agreement is expected. Through a research, he tried to find the answers of who should hold the ultimate power which companies can create maximum value or how this power should be used. To do this, first, he discussed the delegation of shareholder power and a variety of standard to evaluate the performance of managers. Then, he presented a framework by which securities analysts can evaluate corporate governance system. As the result of his study , he strongly believed that directors of companies have the necessary judgment to discharge their value creation responsibility. Jean-Paul Page result is developed further in detail by Monks (2002) when he applied this theory into Volkswagen Company. After that, Huse (2007) successfully combines the behavioural of directors work and the value creation which contributes to both the practitioner and the academic debate. Huses book is based on two key ideas: the main task of a broad of director is to create value for company and looking inside board to understand the value creation process needs. His book provided a good discussion about governance effectiveness and value creation by an exploration of behavioural perspectives on governance and how various types of related factors influence governance as well as value creation. In addition, in his recent research named The Value Broad: Corporate governance and organizational behaviour in 2008, he aimed to go further and explore actual behaviour in creating value from entrepreneurial management perception throughout various European countries such as Netherlands, Italy. Beside, The differentiated Network: Organizing Multinational Corporation for value creation of Nohria. N and Ghoshal. S (1997) was successful to present the globally distributed capabilities of multinational corporations and organize these corporations for value creation. This study is built to develop these ideas of both authors above. Besides theoretical research and studies, many case studies were analysed to examine the implication of all theories in the real economic market. Case study in Finances: Managing for Corporate Value Creation of Bruner. R. F (1990) provided numerous financial analyses of the world famous and successful corporations such as Walt Disney, Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Morgan Stanley Group INC, Merit Marine Corporation. . . However, this analysis was published in 1990, it can not update with changes in the economy as well as financial scandals have been happened through recent years. Based on all these suggestions, an analysis of value creation and the role of corporate governance is an interesting paper. And Enrons scandal in 2001 is an updated illustration. 3. Corporate governance and performance of the company 3. 1. Definition and explanation of key concepts 3. 1. 1. The concept of corporate governance We can consider that the practices of corporate governance have ancient origins insofar as they are inseparable from the very concept of enterprise. Indeed, corporate governance problem was already in the eighteenth century. Adam Smith posed as soon as 1776, in the Wealth of Nations, the problem of separation of interests between managers and owners in companies per share. This question will take a new turn with the emergence in 1807 in France and then England with the Company Act and a little later the United States, the limited liability company. In general, governance refers to the governing relations between the leaders of a company more broadly, an organization and the parties concerned by the fate of the so-called organization, mainly those who hold legitimate rights - namely shareholders. Even if made generally and in order to illuminate our analysis, such a definition requires clarification. First, governance is focused on a category of actors of any organization: the lea ders of this organization, category sometimes reduced to a person, most often represented by a small group strongly hierarchical around the leader, sometimes expressed by semi-hierarchical and ill-defined contours. Whatever the difficulties of defining exactly and narrow, this category of actors always pay attention on a system of governance. Corporate governance can be seen as vast field and its works as regulatory body that includes (OECD, 2004): Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Board of Directors (BOD) Management of Organization Shareholders Stakeholders (Suppliers, Employees, Creditors, Clients and Social Communities) Then, the issue of governance is also the role and control of corporate officers in legal persons. The leaders of an organization finalized commercial, public . . . Speak and act on behalf of this organization: a title that they can buy, sells, hire, dismiss and so on. They have before it the financial, material, human, which can be considerable even excessive. Issues relating to their appointment as corporate officers, the conditions for exercising their mandates are, therefore, legitimate and make corporate governance a key point of management systems of the latter. Finally, the governance system includes various components that can be, simplifying, grouped into three sets of components: structures, procedures and behaviour. The structures involved in the governance system are varied. Some are specific to the organization concerned: general meeting, board of directors, ad hoc committees. Others are external and intervene on the basis of contractual missions (auditors, rating agencies) or as part of missions of general interest (regulatory authorities). The procedures are also very varied and more or less diversified in codes or codes imposed on the actors involved (chart of accounts, commercial code . . . ). They may involve both methods of collection and dissemination of information on the functioning of the entities concerned that ways and means to carry out such an operation such as changing the parameters of the structure or listing on the financial market. The behaviour complements the first two components by providing a dimension without which they would remain for the most formal. Such behaviour are those agents individuals is not the legal fiction made up by legal persons involved in the institutional and responsible to implement it and animate it. Therefore, their best practices, their ethics or, conversely, their lack of scruples and their departures were a major part in the effectiveness of governance systems like any human system. In their brilliant literature review of corporate governance topic, Shleifer and Vishny (1997) offered a definition of corporate governance: Corporate governance deals with the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment (p. 737). This notion of governance seems rather simplistic. Because it is limited to the individual control worked out by shareholders and ignores the rights of all the other stakeholders in the company such as creditors, suppliers, customers, employees, and finally, the State and society in general. Indeed, the shareholder affects some form of power and imposes limits in varying degrees that affect value creation. Besides, this definition of governance fails to take into account the implicit rules and standard such as legislation, regulations and contracts. All these things actually have an important influence on final decision. In his book, Jean- Paul also gave the broad definition of corporate governance as follows: Corporate governance consists of the legal, contractual, and implicit frameworks that define the exercise of power within a company, that influence decision making, that allow the stakeholders to assume their responsibilities, and that ensure that their rights and privileges are respected. (pp. 2) To be successful in this notion, corporations must acquire the best resources such as: finance, material and human at the best if they want to create value or wealth. Good corporate governance is assessed in a book named Corporate Governance: Responsibilities, Risk and Remuneration, Keasey. K and Wright. M (1997) He defined a good corporate governance is as concerned with correctly motivating managerial behaviour towards improving the business, as directly controlling the behaviour of managers. They also analysed executive remuneration is one mean of motivating good behaviour. Illustrating the standard corporate governance frame work, both authors above indicated that the key elements concern the enhancement of corporate governance is via supervisors of management performance and ensuring the accountability of management to shareholder and other stakeholders. Analysis of a frame work of corporate governance was also carried by Hart (1995). He discussed the need for accountability and supervisor of director come up because there is a divorce between ownership and control power in large firms. According Harts study, supervision may take various forms ranging form system where shareholders are outsiders with little direct incentive to monitor management. Moreover, Whittington (1993) argued that is has to be noted that the accountability and supervision aspects take place within a wider regulatory framework which regulates relationship with external third party contractors. 3. 1. 2. The concept of value creation 3. 1. 2. 1. Definition of Value Creation As for value creation, it is an ambiguous concept because of the multiplicity of managerial practices associated with it: exchange value, book value or economic value partnership, value for the customer, and so on. In all case, the most important objective of every firm is to maximize resource allocation, to produce as much economic value as much as possible and to look up social well-being. Offering the best product and services at reasonable price is the way which firms can do to achieve these objective above. Jean-Paul Page (2005) examined economic value as creating wealth. Because the firms wealth is measured by the value of their product on the market, then, creating value for firm mean company will observe its prices and value increase as demand for its services and goods rises. Concisely, creating economic value means increasing in firms value, increasing in share price and creating wealth. As a result, corporate governance have to focus on decision that tend to maximize share price and then on the creation of economic value. This way will translate the wealth creation objective of firms into tangible results. 3. 1. 2. 2. The importance of value creation In his academic journal, Favaro. Khas proved that if firm puts their value creation as a first strategy, it will help a corporation growth in the greatest rate. First of all, by understanding how, why, where the value is created within your company; which is the market where your company perform best; identifying which of your companys activity and asset is distinctive enough to be a profitable growth will tell your company where and how to grow. The best example of this case, we have to mention about Coca -cola. Since the early of 1980s, Coca-colas leader discovered the value creation in their mix businesses and in the entire beverage system; then, this company have taken a major growth opportunity in their core business. Secondly, there are two advantages which putting value creation first can gives firms are: capital and talent. When firm set value creation first, they will never suffer from a capital shortage. Favaro gave explanation that, these companies which put value creation first will find sufficient capital for their investment needs and can attract a large capital from the market, and then they never miss any investment opportunities. In addition, knowing all important targets, these companies also understand how important the high standard and good qualification managers are. Therefore, over time, these firms will build a team of manager with better capabilities and standards. This will give company more managerial talent and help these companies achieve higher level of profitable and also sustainable growth than their competitors. Value creation enhances companys ability to grow up which requires perseverance Discipline and leadership skills. Through his experience, Favaro suggests that: By product, channel, customer, market and technology; skilled managers who always put value creation first will understand how or why value is created or destroyed. Then, they will know whatever cut will be the best reveal the truly capabilities or asset which their company have to do to get profitable and growth. Promoting, celebrating and rewarding managers who see growth is an outcome of their focus on value creation. Briefly, if a company put value creation first in the right way, their managers can identify how and where to grow, they will use capital better than others and build up more talents. Consequently, value creation will offer you a vast advantage to achieve profitable and long-term growth. It should be noted that these multiple approaches are experiencing varying degrees of success. Thus, while some of them are rather a fashion effect, others seem more rooted in the reality of management. This is particularly the case in the field of strategy with the general themes related to the competitive advantage that determines the value that a company can create for its customers and in the field of finance with the concept of maximizing the shareholder value. However, there are two themes refer to distinct managerial logic. In schematising, one can oppose a logic of financial reform dominated the creation of financial value and logic of integration that connects the various aspects of value creation. The financial approach emphasizes the idea that any asset is comparable, at least conceptually, a financial asset whose correct measure is the present value of expected flows of that asset, given the risk that it is linked. Thus, by analogy with financial assets, it is possible to buy or sell at any time comparable assets or reinvest the funds on other opportunities. The option is part of choice and is a factor of flexibility. The logic of integration recognizes the importance of value creation but the analysis as the result of a synthesis of different components of value, whether organizational aspects, competitive or institutional. It puts forward concepts such as basic skills, know-how of cooperation and coordination, competitive advantage. It requires a broader view of performance and the development of a scoreboard, including non-financial aspects. This concept of value creation is currently experiencing a revival and for several reasons. This renewal first undoubtedly result of the transformation of financial capitalism and its origin movements takeover carried out on companies that exploitation not effectively their asset base for shareholders. These practices have provided external visibility to market discipline that has prompted leaders to do more attention to creating value and bring back the shareholder at the centre of the strategy. In addition, development of globalization and the rise of new technologies of information and communication technologies have accelerated the process of internationalization of enterprises and networking complex and globalize. The result is a financial reform of the strategy based on the refocusing on the principal market and the pursuit of critical size. That is why the purchase of shares and options markets external growth is systematically privileged at the expense of endogenous development of the company. But for institutional investors, who control more companies using their power, the ability of business to create value is an essential criterion of assessment. Finally, another external factor that has boosted the value creation is the gradual disappearance of state monopolies especially in the case of France. The purpose of the public monopoly system based on the existence of cross-shareholdings is to ensure a stable partnership. The financial globalization has gradually reduce d the interest of a national shareholding making less essential closures capital that provides few resources. 3. 1. 2. 3. Measuring Value-creation: When evaluating value creation, there are three main measurements are: Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI), Economic Value Added (EVA), and Residual Cash Flow (RCF). G. Bennett Stewart III (1991). The Quest for Value. HarperCollins discussed Economic Value Added (EVA) as the heart and soul of Value planning. He described EVA is the one measure which properly accounts for all the complex trade-offs involved in creating value. EVA computed by taking the spread between the rate of return on capital r and the cost of capital c* and then multiplying by the economic book value of the capital committed to the business: EVA = (r-c*) x Capital EVA = (rate of return cost of capital) x capital EVA will increase when: The rate of return earned on the existing base of capital improves; that is, more operating profits are generated without tying up more funds in the business. Additional capital is invested in projects that return more the cost of obtaining the new capital Capital is liquidated from, or further investment is curtailed in, substandard operations when inadequate return being earned. These are the only way in which value can be created

Netsuite customer relationship management for the Banking Sector Essay

NetSuite is the world’s leading provider of on-demand business application software combining accounting and enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM) and  ecommerce capabilities in a completely integrated solution. With over 12,000 customers globally, NetSuite companies are enabled to manage all key business operations uniting departments, automating processes and gaining unparalleled insight into their business. Netsuite is built around a single customer record, so all areas of the business; sales, support, accounting, distribution, shipping and billing, use the same information for every interaction. Because NetSuite gives vital business intelligence in real time, businesses can make informed decisions faster. Deliver better business management – powerful real-time, customisable dashboards, NetSuite business management software gives managers and employees the functionality, information and tools they need to manage their entire business better and streamline operations. Eliminate data re-entry – because NetSuite software is built on a single record for every aspect of business, there’s no need to waste time re-inputting data into separate systems. Eliminate IT maintenance and upgrade costs – NetSuite is cloud-based, business management software with a 99.5% uptime guarantee. This gives greater reliability and security while eliminating the need for on-site hardware and software. Make better decisions faster – NetSuite business management software gives real-time business intelligence dashboards for any and every aspect of the organisation from leads, commissions, sales revenue and forecasts to bank balances, receivable and payable anywhere and anytime. Increase collaboration – NetSuite SaaS offers portals that allow customers, partners and vendors to collaborate allowing organisations to get closer to customers and partners, move quickly and seize opportunities.

On the Film Zero Dark Thirty and Torture Essay

Zero Dark Thirty is a 2013 film directed by award-winning director Kathryn Bigelow, and is a narration about the multiple time-skips of how Maya (Jessica Chastain), a new CIA recruit, beat the odds which led to Osama Bin Laden’s ultimate death. â€Å"Our plane’s been hijacked. I hope I can be able to see your face again, baby. I love you! Goodbye!† were lines from the actual 9/11 audio footage at the beginning of the film and from that, I thought that Zero Dark Thirty would be an emotionally-touching action-packed movie. Because of an exciting plot, I expected it to be a thrilling film but it turned out to be despicably monotonous. Set in the bustling streets and the danger-prone areas of the Middle East, the set design became largely influential to the film, and it added to the viewer’s experience. However, if I hadn’t known that the movie was directed by Academy-Award winner, Kathryn Bigelow, I would have thought that this was directed by an unkno wn director. The chapter-by-chapter time skip actually took the plot away from the movie — it became choppy and incomprehensible. One moment we see Ammar (Reda Kateb) being tortured, and then in the next screen, it’s suddenly two years later. The only commendable action scene in the movie being Osama Bin Laden’s ambush, the plot seemed to drag as we see more conversations and less action than what we expected to see. The movie poster also said that the writer, Mark Boal, is an Academy award-winning screenwriter but it puzzles me how he actually got the information about the happenings when CIA operations are supposed to be undisclosed. Why would the scriptwriter just name-drop sites that were supposedly top-secret, like the existence of Area 51? Thus, the credibility of the events and places seem questionable. Moreover, the flood of names of terrorists in conversations was actually confusing and the discussions about situations in ISI were unnecessary. I wanted to see scenes related to finding Abu Ahmed and ultimately, Bin Laden. I wanted action, not conversations. Though the pacing was unbelievab ly slow, the cinematography during the bombing in the restaurant Maya and Jennifer were eating at was brilliant. The transition was truly surprising — one moment Jennifer was talking to someone over the phone, and then the next, the restaurant was already in pieces and people were dying. Maya’s expression of pure shock and terror was perfectly captured the camera. The editing of the movie headed by William Goldenberg was realistic, and the bombings were so unpredictable, I was surprised and scared out of my seat. Mostly, the ambush operation in the last 30 minutes of the film was so professionally shot it could pass up as an actual footage. It’s the little moments that make this film alive. After the phone call from Maya’s supervisor, stating that tonight will be the ambush, we witness the bonds of the â€Å"canaries† – the way they goofed around and gambled, yet still looked out for each other. Viewers always have the impression that soldiers are brute men who would sacrifice anything and anyone for their purpose, but this scene actually gives the impr ession that they’re men too who treasure the bonds they have. The only comical relief during the movie was provided by Dan’s sarcasm and personality. Ironically, this attitude always comes up during the supposedly-heartbreaking torture scenes which made it particularly hard for me to sympathize with Ammar (Reda Kateb). Another highlight of his role was when Dan fed the monkeys in a CIA site. I remembered the previous scene when Ammar said that Dan was an animal, and as the monkeys stole the ice cream from Dan, I saw how it was similar to their situation. Dan takes and takes from Ammar, but eventually, Ammar gets the best of him when he doesn’t provide information. As I contemplated about the film after watching it, I think the reason why it seemed so bland and dry is because it lacked the action that viewers are used to see in fictional CIA films. The super cool CIA combat and the shooting scenes where the CIA agent never gets shot weren’t present in the movie. Instead, the movie consisted of CIA operatives who commit mistakes and ultimately get killed, like Jennifer (Jennifer Ehle); we meet heartless CIA agents like Dan (Jason Clarke) who would torture a man endlessly to get the information he needs. We see unsexy Maya, an ordinary-looking woman who wears identical suits every day, who got carried away by emotions after Jennifer’s death and during her confrontation with Joseph Bradley (Kyle Chandler), and who was almost killed once in an attempt at her life. The film was made up of one-dimensional characters who got frustrated when they can’t do anything. I wanted to know the characters more but there was zero character development. There weren’t even any scenes about Maya’s past, like why and how was she recruited out of high school? Did she ever get in touch with Jennifer’s family after her death? This lack of character personality development and the blankness of her facial expressions in most of her screen time made me wonder why Jessica Chastain is praised for her role in Zero Dark Thirty. I’ve recently watched Les Miserables and if Jessica Chastain were to be nominated in the same category as Anne Hathaway for an Oscar, then Chastain could just say that she dreamed a dream of winning an Oscar. I won’t say that she did not deserve her Golden Globe award, but I never thought she’d be nominated for it either. Her portrayal as the angry young Bin Laden-obsessed CIA agent was so stereotyp ical — she started as the nervous, awkward new CIA operative and then ultimately became the â€Å"motherfucker,† as she puts it, who found Bin Laden’s location. Maya always had this expressionless face, as if trying very hard to capture a CIA agent’s demeanor. In fact, I only began to sympathize with Maya upon the death of Jennifer. Her endless pursuit of Bin Laden became more personal from this point, proving that nothing motivates like revenge. I think that the scene where Maya shook her head and then cried actually concludes the plot well because it showed her human side and the drive that has been pushing her all along. She quotes in one scene that her friends got killed because of the hunt and she believes that she has been spared for a reason. This gives justice to her emotions in the end, where she finally breaks down as the realization that she has reached her goal after almost a decade — yet the friends she had made along the way were already gone. She is no longer the new, awkward CIA recruit, rather, Maya has become the CIA operative who resorted to all means possible to take down Osama Bin Laden. With the methods th at the movie’s characters practiced, there has been much speculation whether the film is pro-torture or not. The director and the writer of the film presented these â€Å"enhanced interrogation techniques† as a part of the pursuit. So for me, it’s not a pro-torture movie but at the same time, it’s not anti-torture either. If Zero Dark Thirty were pro-torture, then the viewers should have seen how Ammar gave information after being tortured, but he did not. Instead we see that the key piece to the puzzle for finding Bin Laden was actually served to Dan and Maya over lunch, not during torture time. And if the movie were anti-torture, then there shouldn’t have been any torture scenes in the movie — leaving Reda Kateb, who played Ammar, with zero talent fee. The film showed that Maya was convinced that the location of Bin Laden’s courier, Abu Ahmed, is crucial to the pursuit not because there was information revealed during the torture sessions, rather, it’s the detainees’ refusal to give up any information about the courier that connects the dots for Maya. Therefore, the film depicts numerous, albeit controversial, practices used in America’s pursuit for Osama Bin Laden. It shows that torturing Jihad-driven detainees or buying a man a Lamborghini as bribery weren’t the ultimate keys for solving the puzzle that led to Bin Laden. No single method can perfectly encapsulate the sum of the efforts of the people behind the manhunt for Bin Laden. The totality of their hard work and passion was what the filmmakers strived to partake, so for me, the movie isn’t raising any notions on being pro or against these methods. Zero Dark Thirty relays the fact that we tread different paths in life with a great number of sacrifices along the way. Though this movie doesn’t live up to its tagline â€Å"The Greatest Manhunt in History,† is still a perfect example of humanity’s journey towards his goals. Americans would continue to preserve their seat of power, while the Muslims would continue to do anything to reach Jihad. I wanted to be awed by this film and I wanted to feel the characters’ emotions, but the film gave me neither. The lack of emotion in Zero Dark Thirty makes me think that the budget for this should have been allocated to a film with a different perspective, like a documentary, and not as a film with actors and actresses playing roles they fail to give color to.

The Number of Countries in the World

The answer to the seemingly simple geographical question of How many countries are there? is that it depends on whos doing the counting. The United Nations, for example, recognizes 241 countries and territories. The United States, however, officially recognizes fewer than 200 nations. Ultimately, the best answer is that there are 196 countries in the world. Heres why. United Nations Member States There are 193 member states in the United Nations. This total is often cited inaccurately as the actual number of countries in the world; its inaccurate because there are two other members with limited status. Both the Vatican (officially known as the Holy See), which is an independent nation, and the Palestinian Authority, which is a quasi-governmental body, have been granted permanent observer status at the United Nations. These two entities can take part in all official UN activities but cannot cast votes in the General Assembly. Likewise, some nations or regions of the world have declared their independence and are recognized by a majority of UN member states yet are not part of the United Nations. Kosovo, a region of Serbia that declared independence in 2008, is one such example.   Nations Recognized by the United States The United States officially recognizes other nations through the State Department. As of May 2018, the State Department recognized  195 independent countries around the world. This list reflects the political agenda of the United States of America and its allies. Unlike the United Nations, the United States maintains full diplomatic relations with Kosovo and the Vatican. However, one nation is missing from the State Departments list that should be on it. The Nation That Isnt The island of Taiwan, formally known as the Republic of China, meets the requirements for an independent country or state status. However, all but a handful of nations refuse to recognize Taiwan as an independent nation. The political reasons for this date back to the late 1940s, when the Republic of China was ousted from mainland China by Mao Tse Tungs communist rebels and ROC leaders fled to Taiwan. The communist Peoples Republic of China maintains that it has authority over Taiwan, and relations between the island and mainland have been strained. Taiwan was actually a member of the United Nations (and even the Security Council) until 1971 when mainland China replaced Taiwan in the organization. Taiwan, which has the worlds 29th-largest economy, continues to press for full recognition by others. But China, with its growing economic, military, and political clout, has largely been able to shape the dialogue on this issue. As a result, Taiwan cannot fly its flag at international events such as the Olympics and must be referred to as Chinese Taipei in some diplomatic situations. Territories, Colonies, and Other Non-Nations Dozens of territories and colonies are sometimes erroneously called countries but dont count because theyre governed by other countries. Places commonly confused as being countries include Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Greenland, Palestine, and Western Sahara. The components of the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and England) are  not fully independent countries, either, though they do enjoy a degree of autonomy. When dependent territories are included, the United Nations recognizes a total of 241 countries and territories.   So How Many Countries Are There? If you use the U.S. State Departments list of recognized nations and also include Taiwan, there are  196 countries in the world. The same number is reached if you count the UN voting members, its two permanent observers, and Taiwan. This is why 196 is probably the best current answer to the question.