Network protocola Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Network protocola - Coursework Example th each other.   Most vendors implementations have quite a few utilities built in.  The utilities might relate to configuration information and troubleshooting.   Some of the TCP/IP utilities implemented in my organization includes, arp, nslookup, finger, ping, ftp, rcp, hostname, rexec, ipconfig and route. More so, I am currently implementing TCP/IP services that includes; net start dhcp client, net start simple tcp/ip services, net start ftp server and net start snmp. TCP/IP services and utilities not currently implemented includes; lpq, rsh, lpr, tftp, nbtstat, tracert, and netstat forms of TCP/IP services and net start lpdsvc, net start tcp/ip netbios helper, net start microsoft dhcp server and net start windows internet name service forms of TCP/IP utilities.    The OSI model originally distinguishes between service, interval and protocols while The TCP/IP model does not clearly distinguish between service, Interval and protocols. More so, The OSI model is a reference model while the TCP/IP model is an implementation of the OSI model. In addition, in OSI model, the protocols came after the model was described while in TCP/TP model, the protocols came first, and the model (Zack, 2010). Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 is not an immediate process and requires gradual implementation due to the endless number of users on the Internet that still utilize the IPv4 system. Additionally, more businesses and organizations are relying on the Internet for day to day processes and therefore a lengthy IP protocol replacement which involves downtime can seriously affect business continuity. For the above described reasons, the migration from IPv4 to IPv6 is not accomplished with a simple flick of a switch since there are problems that arise as the result of making the

Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis - Essay Example Under the stealth of night, the sniper found himself playing mind games with the enemy, and had to calculate his every move to make sure his opponent would not receive any clues that could cost him his life. Throughout the short story, the sniper takes extra precautions and devises deceiving schemes in order to outsmart his enemy. This is why his last actions in the story are inconsistent with his meticulous attention to strategy and precautions prior to the story’s conclusion − yet keeping in mind the context of the war helps the reader to understand his motivations. From the very beginning, the sniper portrays himself as a very cunning young soldier, taking every measure to ensure that he does not give the enemy a foothold that could cost him his life – with the exception of foolishly lighting a cigarette at night to quench his intense nicotine addiction. He skillfully lays low in stealth from the rooftop and picks off a woman informant on the street below, as well as the enemy soldier emerging from the turret of the vehicle that he was attentively keeping under surveillance. Soon afterward, enemy fire from the rooftop of a building across the street caught him in the arm, and through trickery, the Republican sniper fooled his shooter into believing that he was fatally wounded. Causing his opponent to let his guard down, the sniper was able to get a clean shot at him with his revolver, killing him with a round that plummeted his lifeless body to the street below. As the average reader would come to believe that this would be just another mundane casualty of war in the sniper’s mind, readers with a knowledge of the Irish civil war of the 1920s − as being an up-close-and-personal warfare that often divided families and friends to war against each other – come to understand soldiers’ uncanny curiosity to know exactly who their opposition is. Also, the author

The Shifting Marketing Communications Model Marketing Essay

The Shifting Marketing Communications Model Marketing Essay Integrated marketing communication is a conceptual tool which aim for a marketing campaign, by a carefully coordinated apply to various communication disciplines. The combination of theses disciplines provide a clear, consistent and compelling message for the organisation and its product. Integration has always been an important successful attempt for the early organisation to bring a consistent message of all executable promotional tools during mid 20th century. The change in marketing communication landscape may result IMC become more and more difficult to achieve, owing to the various change in consumers, marketing strategies and communication technology. In this digital and wireless age, consumers are better informed and communicated ; The marketers realized the dramatic shifting from mass marketing to segmented marketing. The new program are developed for a closer customer relationship; New innovative technology gives more media channels that companies interact with the target audience. Meanwhile, customers are better in control of messages that they choose to send or receive. Over the past decades, the development of information technology has facilitated how people communicate. And the internet has played an important role in social media communication. Based on research, theres an increasing number of internet users. About 569million online users of 9.1% of the world population (2012). The number has increased to 2.27 billion by 2012, which is 33% of the world population. The expenditures rates over performance is under expectation compare to the past. Marketers are mostly challenged by the new digital media. They have to design a better strategy to build a marketing communicators with stronger effectiveness and higher efficiency. More narrowcasting is necessary to achieve the interactive IMC, which allows them keep track on their current and future customers for use of long- term interactive relationships. The internet environment joint the connection between consumer and the media. For instance, specialty magazines, cable television channels, video ga mes, e-mail and social internet. A study stated theres an increasing time spent (63%) on mobile websites and mobile devices compare to 2011. In addition, 43 % of people get access to the social media by smartphones, 16% of people interact using tablet. Among all the promotional profile from traditional advertising, mass media, direct marketing, internet marketing, social media to mobile marketing. thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an increasing marketing trend towards à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“more electronic and digitalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Traditional media possibilities for billabong: Television, explores the brand image through vision, sound and motion. It has a wide coverage over mass-marketing. Television commercial is relatively low cost per exposure but high in absolute cost. It also limits audience selectivity. Billabong is a worldwide brand and it keep expanding the business into other country. Television commercial will be an efficient and effective strategy of market penetration where a company has low client base but strong financial base. Newspapers and magazines are practically flexible; timeliness; good local market coverage; brand credibility; costless. While it is limited by its short life; poor reproduction quality. Its still concern as an effective media for Billabong, as the company keep innovating new products to the market. Posted on a printed media is a cheaper way to deliver their product information to the customer regularly. Outdoor medium such as billboard and poster are advanced in its flexibility; repeatable exposure will help billabong to deliver a strong brand image; wide range of positional selectivity. But it also limited the creativity. Emergent media possibilities for billabong. emergent media is refers to Email, podcasts , digital audio/ media player, mobile communication device (e.g., smart phone) ,instant messaging, interactive web pages , and blogs. By research, the brand Billabong has its majority target audience aged from 12 to 35 years old. And it is a fact that this aging groups are spending more of their leisure time on internet surfing over interacting with traditional media. Hence theres more opportunities that the new media transmit the company image to its potential consumer. At the same time, company has more channels to collect their customer information or feedback instead of only relying on Public Relations Agency. A large company with several brands like Billabong could position itself after analyzing the data. And generate a more suitable promotional strategy to beat the competitors. Billabongs Facebook page was set up with assistance of maintaining a closer relationship with their royalty customer. Billabong get their free advertising spread through the social media at each time their post get linked. Youtube is a possible platform for Billabong to post their video or insert it as an ad to other video. The strate gy is costless and have a efficient spread. Statistics is calculated by Youtube for each individual video for further analysis. Billabongs website is also a profitable platform for advertising, it helps to engage with their email subscribers, so as to build a profitable relationship. Which has proven by a sales of $1.67 billion profit from its website in 2008-2009. Marketers need to ensure the advertising is highly relevant and targeted to their consumer. As people has different attitudes toward social ads. Recent surveyed found 33% people get annoyed when seeing ad on social media if there is no relevant to them, may concern as a waste of time. While 26% of people will have a positive attitude to see the ads posted by friends. Generally, a positive attitude(26%) will follow by an action of share at 15% and product purchasing at 14%. In consequence, advertising is generally aiming for inform, persuade and remind. Both traditional media and emergent media have possibilities for Billabongs advertising. The proper mix using of media would have a higher opportunities in success compare to single focused media. Markers still need to re-examine the media mix regularly as it appears to be shifting. For instance, mass-media costs are rising, audiences are shrinking due to the new electronic media appear. The best solution for them is to supplement the broadcasting traditional media with narrowcasting emergent media. In this case, Billabong will not only introduce their company world-wide, but also engage consumers more fully. Image corporation is important to a companys branding and identity. To achieve the brand uniqueness, company need to be carefully treat on its visual image, product consistency in market place and its identity in social media. Importance of visual image After the completely acquisition of Swedish brand Volvo by Chinese unknown brand Geely (2010). Volvo still keep the production line in Sweden and its original brand logo to maintain the image of Swedish made. They concern the brand image as core value of its company. Maintaining the image also hold the companys labor relations in this scenario. Coca- cola works hard to keep its corporate identity consistent. Its not only about keeping red logo and bottle form but also controlling its product quality at a consistent level. This works in many mind that the drink is from coca-cola not an individual brand product even it is labeling in a foreign language. In April 2009, Telstra launched a 3Rs social-media policy, in regard to Responsibility, Respect and Representation. Telstras employees are encouraged to use the social media as a part of work. They are also required to represent themselves as Telstra employees when introducing new service or products on their personal blog site. The strategy helps the company to achieve direct interaction with its current or future clients. Telstra is building up a brand image that they are well communicated to support the brand profile of leading global communication company.

Elements of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Elements of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter    200 Words of Teacher’s Praise and Comments  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne uses several literary devices to give his novel The Scarlet Letter depth. One of these devices is symbolism. Hawthorne utilizes symbolism to convey certain points or themes to the reader by using ordinary objects. Three of the elements he uses as symbols are the settings of the Puritan town and the forest and weather.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The first of the two main settings is the Puritan town that includes the prison and the scaffold. The Puritan law is based on their religion. The town maintains a sense of strict moral values and disciplinary measures in accordance with the Puritan religion. Therefore, the town stands for lawfulness and purity. It serves as a contrast to Hester Prynne’s scarlet letter. The prison that the city was built around serves as a symbol as well. It represents guilt and the human tendency to sin, and it also symbolizes penance. Hester is forced to spend time in jail for committing the sin of adultery, and it is the starting point of Hester’s trek of shame to the scaffold in the market place. The scaffold itself is another symbol Hawthorne uses. Like the prison, it also symbolizes sin and guilt. â€Å"The very ideal of ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron† (60). It provides the setting of several important scenes in the novel. It is where Hester is forced to stand for three hours as punishment, where Dimmesdale, Pearl, and Hester stand in the night, and where Dimmesdale reveals himself and dies. It is also a symbol of truth because Dimmesdale’s great revelation occurred there.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second setting is the forest just outside of the town. It proves to be a kind of dramatic foil to the idealistic Puritan society. The Puritans maintain a community that thrives on purity and lack of sin. The forest, on the other hand, is a symbol of lawlessness and desecration. It is shrouded in mystery and retains a dark and foreboding air. The Puritans abhor the forest because it stands as a perfect example of evil. However, the witches that live in the town view it very differently. They appreciate the anonymity the forest provides them. Thus they are free to pay homage to the Black Man in secret. Their presence reiterates the fact that the forest is a symbol of darkness. Elements of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays Elements of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter    200 Words of Teacher’s Praise and Comments  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne uses several literary devices to give his novel The Scarlet Letter depth. One of these devices is symbolism. Hawthorne utilizes symbolism to convey certain points or themes to the reader by using ordinary objects. Three of the elements he uses as symbols are the settings of the Puritan town and the forest and weather.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The first of the two main settings is the Puritan town that includes the prison and the scaffold. The Puritan law is based on their religion. The town maintains a sense of strict moral values and disciplinary measures in accordance with the Puritan religion. Therefore, the town stands for lawfulness and purity. It serves as a contrast to Hester Prynne’s scarlet letter. The prison that the city was built around serves as a symbol as well. It represents guilt and the human tendency to sin, and it also symbolizes penance. Hester is forced to spend time in jail for committing the sin of adultery, and it is the starting point of Hester’s trek of shame to the scaffold in the market place. The scaffold itself is another symbol Hawthorne uses. Like the prison, it also symbolizes sin and guilt. â€Å"The very ideal of ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron† (60). It provides the setting of several important scenes in the novel. It is where Hester is forced to stand for three hours as punishment, where Dimmesdale, Pearl, and Hester stand in the night, and where Dimmesdale reveals himself and dies. It is also a symbol of truth because Dimmesdale’s great revelation occurred there.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second setting is the forest just outside of the town. It proves to be a kind of dramatic foil to the idealistic Puritan society. The Puritans maintain a community that thrives on purity and lack of sin. The forest, on the other hand, is a symbol of lawlessness and desecration. It is shrouded in mystery and retains a dark and foreboding air. The Puritans abhor the forest because it stands as a perfect example of evil. However, the witches that live in the town view it very differently. They appreciate the anonymity the forest provides them. Thus they are free to pay homage to the Black Man in secret. Their presence reiterates the fact that the forest is a symbol of darkness.

Ethical Law Enforcement Officers

The paper deals with the significance of ethics and integrity in law enforcement officers. It explains the base for the structure of professional ethical responsibilities briefly describes the basic requirements of applied ethics and explains the course of ethical reason.Ethical law enforcement Officers: An IntroductionIn the past few decades, law enforcement ethical behavior has been caused to experience much analysis across the country. With the distrust of law enforcement police and community relationship suffer; and the status of good, assiduous and ethical law enforcement officers and their organizations are stigmatized. Even the most enthusiastic advocates of law enforcement question about the credibility of the police and the police department.Despite the fact that prominent cases attract the nation's focus, law enforcement departments across the country employ an increasing amount of time examining, penalizing and prosecuting officers for unprincipled or unlawful conduct that never become famous in the headlines in the media.Regrettably, the events that have made these headlines have damaged the standing and question the performance of the whole law enforcement community. These extremely hyped events do not, on the other hand, deal with the more delicate ethical quandaries that law enforcement agencies and officers have to confront daily. Law enforcement agencies in America deal with the concerns of ethics that have to be studied and modified.Ethical FactorsIn the last couple of years, ethical concerns in law enforcement have been influenced by three critical factors namely the increased level of temptations developing from the illegal drug trade, the problems posed by decentralization, and the potentially conciliatory nature of the police organizational traditions. These factors make management for ethics nowadays far more diverse and difficult than it was long ago.Greater TemptationsPolice officers confront bigger temptations than they had a couple of decade ago. A number of these temptations can be as a result of the volatile and rewarding unlawful drug trade. A great quantity of illegal cash generates this market. Prospective earnings for drug dealers persist to rise as unlawful endorsements develop rigid.Thus, the law enforcement officers may be tempted by great bribes from delinquents and tempted by prospects to embezzle great amount of illegal money. The prospective for dishonesty in drug field may be intensified by the personality of officers who do extremely well in this field. Drug studies are placed amongst the most rapid and practical of any in which officers take part. Covert work makes up an essential part of these cases. Â  

Legal memo

We filed a complaint last month in trial court alleging that there was negligence on the part of the store. We were seeking an award for damages. In the answer to the complaint the store alleges that Samaritan Smith had a duty to avoid the spill, and was unable to fulfill that duty because she was distracted by her misbehaving child. The store claims that her being distracted makes her equally at fault for the Injuries sustained in her trip and fall accident.Statement of Facts: While shopping at the local grocery store with her young son, Samaritan Smith lipped on clear, gel shampoo that had spilled Into the Isle. The fall resulted In a broken hip, requiring an overnight stay at the hospital as well as several months of physical therapy. The grocery store Indicated that although they complete hourly Isle clearance checks they were unaware of the spill. Issues: 1. Was the store negligent for not providing an environment free from hazards? 2.Is Samaritan Smith partially responsible for her injuries based on her not keeping proper lookout and not avoiding the spill? 3. Based on the Comparative Fault Act, can Samaritan Smith recover for her injuries? BRIEF ANSWERS: 1. In Indiana the owner oaf business or store is required to take reasonable measures to keep their property in a reasonably safe condition for persons who will be using the property. 2. Samaritan Smith does have a responsibility to maintain her own personal safety. 3. Based on the Comparative Fault Act, can Samaritan Smith recover for her injuries? Applicable Statue: 1.â€Å"A Claimant is barred from recovery if the Claimant's introductory fault is greater than the fault of all persons whose fault proximately contribute to the claimant's damages†. The amount awarded is reduced and possibly eliminated based on the level of claimant's fault found. Legal memo By cathedral The store claims that her being distracted makes her equally at fault for the injuries slipped on clear, gel shampoo that had spi lled into the isle. The fall resulted in a physical therapy. The grocery store indicated that although they complete hourly isle Legal Memo I chose to say contributory negligence because we cannot deny that cases of beer were not properly secured In our vehicle, proving that It was some percentage of our own default. ‘The plaintiff shall be barred from recovering damages if the Trier of fact finds that the contributory fault on the part of the plaintiff is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the Injury or damage for which recovery is sought. Illinois State Statute 735 ILLS 5/2-1116(c) (2011). Thus we must provide proof that the plaintiff, Mr..King contributed at least 51% of the negligence. A similar case would be Attainment v Modern Industries, INC. 960 F. Ad 692; 1992 U. S. App. LEXIS 6205. This case Involved a collision between a truck (Defendant, Modern Industries) and a person (Attainment). Attainment died due to his Injuries resulting from the accident. The decedent's mother brought a wrongful death slut against Modern Industries. Attainment was found to be 51% at fault thus the claim against Modern Indus tries was denied.Attainment's actions before he collided with Modern Industries are what led to the accident In the first place. An example of one of Attainment's contribution to the accident Is: â€Å"No person shall open the door of a vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless and until It Is reasonably safe to do so, and can be done without Interfering with the movement of other traffic, nor shall any person leave a door open on the side of a vehicle available to moving traffic or a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload passengers. Ill. Rev. Stats. 1989, chi. 95 1/2, par. 11-1407. Legal Memo PAP 10 By Jeroboams that cases of beer were not properly secured in our vehicle, proving that it was some percentage of our own default. â€Å"The plaintiff shall be barred from recovering is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery U. S. App. LEXIS 6205. This case involved a collision between a truck (Defendant, Modern Ind ustries) and a person (Attainment).Attainment died due to his injuries resulting from the accident. The decedent's mother brought a wrongful death suit Modern Industries are what led to the accident in the first place. An example of one of Attainment's contribution to the accident is: â€Å"No person shall open the door of a vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless and until it is reasonably safe to do so, and can be done without interfering with the movement of other traffic, nor

Sex and the city. Media Analysis

Sex and the city. Media Analysis Sex and the city is one of the most popular cable television and film series in America. The main characters in the show are four independent women on a self exploration mission. Three of these women are in their thirties and one in her mid- forties. These four White American women are the main focus of the show.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sex and the city. Media Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The series has multiple story lines running concurrently and it tackles socially relevant themes like feminism, promiscuity, divorce and sexually transmitted infections (Sohn 32). The show highlights how the lives of professional city women are affected by the increasingly changing society. All the episodes in the show are narrated by Sarah Jessica Parker. Sarah is a stylish party girl popularly known for having a unique sense of fashion and is referred to as Carrie Bradshaw in the show. She is an outgoing girl who likes having fun and anticipating love in the process. Carrie is an independent woman in her mid-thirties and sees marriage as an obstacle to her self exploration mission (Sohn 15). The other character is Kim Cantrall starring as Samantha Jones. She is the oldest among the four and is portrayed as the most confident about her sexual life. She is very loyal to her friends and seems strong and outspoken. Kristin Davis starring as Charlotte Yorke is the most optimistic member of the group who advocates for emotional love rather than lust (Jermyn 48). She is an extremely successful woman despite her traditional outlook which at times surprises her friends. She represents the traditional attitude about relationships and love. Despite having a series of relationship, her actions are somehow controlled compared to the other three. The fourth character is Cynthia Nixon starring as Miranda Hobbes. She is a professional attorney who is always negative about love and relationships. There a re quite a number of family –based themes highlighted in the sex and the city show. The theme of sexual immorality commonly referred to as promiscuity is prevalent in the show. This is mostly revealed through Samantha. She has numerous sexual flings in the show. She has an open sexual lifestyle to an extent where she doesn’t mind having sexual relationship with younger men (Jermyn 28). Carrie has a string of boyfriends and she is also unable to settle in any marriage. The show depicts the theme of feminism where the four women represent a modern independent woman who is not ready to be enslaved by any man.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Infidelity is the order of the day in the show. Having multiple sexual partners is portrayed as normal and fun by these four women. This is exactly the picture in modern relationships. The four women portray marriage as a failed affair except Charlotte who believes that a marriage can actually work. Miranda divorces her husband Steve after he admits having cheated on her (Jermyn 87). The chances of divorce are also high in the other marriages and the main cause being infidelity. Economic empowerment on the side of women is highly emphasized in this show. All the four women are professionals who are economically empowered and do not rely on men to support them. Carrie is an established writer and columnist, Samantha a successful business woman, Charlotte a history and finance graduate and finally Miranda who is a professional lawyer. They actually represent a modern day woman on the first driving lane to success (Sohn 13). Apart from being popular, the show has also faced its fare share of criticism. The characters in the show use the tag of feminism to push for their immoral interests. The show promotes sexual immorality in the way sex is advertised by the characters. The show portrays marriage as a failed thing with divorce being depicted as the only way to end marital problems and strain (Jermyn 92). The show glamorizes sex and does not put into consideration its negative effects like unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. The show portrays infidelity as a normal and fun thing which is not acceptable in the society. The mode of dressing of these characters is questionable with characters like Carrie going to the extreme end. Their mode of dressing portrays women as potential sex objects for men. In conclusion, sex and the city has continued to have a negative influence to the society and increased viewership of the show will continue to erode our good societal morals. The show has influenced teenagers in a very negative way. A recent survey revealed how the show has encouraged sex amongst teenagers leading to early and unplanned pregnancies for girls who watch the show. On the other side, their male counterparts are more likely to engage in teenage sex th an those who are not viewers of the show (Sohn 88). It is believed that some scenes in the show make the viewers to be sexually charged by arousing their sexual emotions (Jermyn 109).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sex and the city. Media Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jermyn, Deborah. Sex and the City. New York: Wayne State University Press, 2009. Print. Sohn, Amy et al. Sex and the City. New York: HarperCollins, 2008. Print.

Examples of Sanctions in International Relations

Examples of Sanctions in International Relations In international relations, sanctions are a tool that nations and nongovernmental agencies use to influence or to punish other nations or non-state actors. Most sanctions are economic in nature, but they may also carry the threat of diplomatic or military consequences as well. Sanctions can be unilateral, meaning they are imposed only by one nation, or bilateral, meaning a bloc of nations (such as a trade group) is imposing the penalties. Economic Sanctions The Council on Foreign Relations defines sanctions as a lower-cost, lower-risk, middle course of action between diplomacy and war. Money is that middle course, and economic sanctions are the means. Some of the most common punitive financial measures include: Tariffs: Surcharges on imported goods, often imposed to aid domestic industries and markets.Quotas: Limits on the number of goods that may be imported or exported.  Embargoes: Restrictions on or cessation of trading with a nation or bloc of nations. These can include limiting or banning travel by individuals to and from nations.Non-tariff barriers: These are designed to make foreign goods more expensive by complying with onerous  regulatory requirements.Asset seizure/freeze: Capturing or holding the financial assets of nations, citizens, or preventing the sale or moving of those assets.   Oftentimes, economic sanctions are linked to treaties or other diplomatic agreements between nations. They could be revocation of preferential treatment such as Most Favored Nation status or import quotas against a country not abiding by agreed international rules of trade. Sanctions may also be imposed to isolate a nation for political or military reasons. The United States has imposed severe economic penalties against North Korea in response to that nations efforts to develop nuclear weapons, for example, and the U.S. does not maintain diplomatic relations, either. Sanctions are not always economic in nature.  President Carters  boycott of the Moscow Olympics in 1980 can be viewed as a form of diplomatic and cultural sanctions imposed in protest against the  Soviet Unions invasion of Afghanistan. Russia retaliated in 1984, leading a multination boycott of the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Do Sanctions Work? Although sanctions have become a common diplomatic tool for nations, especially in the decades after the end of the Cold War, political scientists say they are not particularly effective. According to one landmark study, sanctions have only about a 30 percent chance of succeeding. And the longer sanctions are in place, the less effective they become, as the targeted nations or individuals learn how to work around them. Others criticize sanctions, saying they are most often felt by innocent civilians and not the intended government officials. Sanctions imposed against Iraq in the 1990s after its invasion of Kuwait, for example, caused prices for basic commodities to spike, led to extreme food shortages, and triggered outbreaks of disease and famine. Despite the crushing impact these sanctions had on the general Iraqi population, they did not lead to the ouster of their target, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. International sanctions can and do work sometimes, however. One of the most famous examples is the near-total economic isolation imposed on South Africa in the 1980s in protest against that nations policy of racial apartheid. The United States and many other nations ceased trading and companies divested their holdings, which in conjunction with strong domestic resistance led to the end of South Africas white-minority government in 1994. Source Masters, Jonathan. What Are Economic Sanctions? CFR.org. 7 August 2017.

Essential Tips to Complete a Hooking Sociology Personal Statement

Essential Tips to Complete a Hooking Sociology Personal Statement Essential Tips to Complete a Hooking Sociology Personal Statement Sociology is the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society. It is a fascinating area of study that is becoming increasingly popular making it increasingly difficult to secure a course place on the most highly-valued courses. One of the ways in which courses such as Sociology differentiate between the numerous candidates competing for the available courses places is through the use of a personal statement. Getting good grades is still very important, but a personal statement gives the assessors insights into the candidates beyond what a set of grades can tell you. In this article, we will look at what should be included in a Sociology Personal Statement, and we’ll give you some examples of how to ensure that your Sociology Personal Statement stands out from the crowd and helps you secure a place in the course to which you aspire. What Is a Sociology Personal Statement This is a written description of yourself, detailing your skills and experience, why you wish to study sociology, and why you have applied to this specific course. How to Write a Sociology Personal Statement When you are writing your personal statement, it is important that you are original. It is great to get some advice and assistance to complete the task, but you need to avoid simply copying someone else’s personal statement. Your personal statement needs to be authentic. It needs to be about you. It needs to accurately reflect who you are and what you believe. By being authentic, you will have a greater chance of securing the course place you are applying for. If you have simply copied someone else’s statement, then you will sound the same as everyone else and will not stand out from the crowd. Your personal statement should include the three following key aspects: What makes you think that sociology is the right career for you? What makes you think that this specific course is the right course for you? What skills and experience do you have that make you a good candidate for this course? Testing Your Sociology Personal Statement Make sure you get someone you trust to read your personal statement and give you some honest and constructive criticism. Friends and family are good, but ideally, this should be someone from your professional network who will have an understanding of what a high-quality personal statement should achieve. It is also important to get your sociology personal statement professionally proofread. There is nothing worse than messing up your application chances simply because of a few simple grammar or typographical errors. It is not easy to write a compelling personal statement, but it is a skill that will stand you in good stead. Start practicing that skill, draft up a personal statement and keep working at it. If you have a core draft that you are confident with, then you can tailor and adapt it depending on the institution that you are applying to. Your sociology personal statement could be the first step to the career that you have always dreamed about.

Evidence base practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evidence base practice - Assignment Example RAM was of was advanced by one Callista Roy, back in 1976 (Clarke, Barone, Hanna and Senesac 2012). Roy’s major aim while developing the model was to promote adaptation in the nursing practice. The model’s development was influenced by various factors like; education, clinical experience, family, religious background, and education (Weiss, Hastings, Holly and Craig 2012). It seeks to address the following issues; According to Roy, adaptation happens whenever individuals respond positively to environmental changes. The model comprises four major components of individual, Nursing, Health and Environment (Weiss et al. 2012). The model notes that an individual is a bio-psycho-social being that constantly interacts with an ever changing surrounding. It considers people as individuals or in groups like families, organizations and the society as a whole (Clarke et al. 2012). It suggests that health is both a status and a procedure of being complete. Health and sickness are considered unavoidable areas of an individual’s life. RAM remains the best fit for the nursing practice because it gives practical suggestions concerning the nursing practice and process. It supposes that for individuals to respond well to changes in the surrounding, they have to adapt. Such adaptation depends on the stimulus the person is exposed to and his/ her extent of adaptation (Smith 2013). The individual also has four adaptation means, namely; physiologic necessities, self-notion, role purpose as well as interdependence. In conclusion, RAM is still the best fit for the nursing practice because it gives practical suggestions concerning the nursing practice and process. It suggests that all through the nursing process, every nurse, and all healthcare professionals should make adaptations to the nursing care plan. All this is done on the basis of the patient’s health

An Investigation of Role and Importance of Trust in Establishing Literature review

An Investigation of Role and Importance of Trust in Establishing Online retail Relationship in Fashion Sector - Literature review Example Trust is regarded as the chief strategic asset of a firm when it aims to bring about operational changes subjected to market uncertainness (Park and Srinivasan, 1999). It is perceived to be the central constituent in professional relationships. The value and meaning of trust have changed over time, but its intrinsic outcomes remain beneficial. Organizational scholars provide great importance to the issues of trust. The issues are legitimated by the changes in economic exchange relations, organizations forms and social societal structure (Bijlsma and Koopman, 2003). Tom Tyler (1996) had stated that trust factor is imperative for organizational success. Trust existing within the workplaces of an organization helps to create voluntary-corporation among the workers. The performance and productivity level of an organization considerably depends on the extent of cooperation among the workers. Gradual changes in societies and organizations have enhanced the importance of the matters relating to trust (Parker, 2012). Trust is considered as a solution to specific risk-related problems arising between different individuals. Trust within organizations is mandatory for motivating professional associations and driving rapid business imp rovement. Experts are of the opinion that strategic cooperation and collaboration between different firms become easier with the presence of trust between them (Hahn and Kim, 2009). The attitudes of the employees within workplaces are also determined by the same. Employee satisfaction from jobs and their commitment towards work tasks are largely influenced by their trust towards the firm. Brand value of a company in the market is largely dependent on the stakeholder's trust towards the same. Researchers point out that satisfaction derived by the consumers from the consumption of goods or services of a company is directly proportional to their trust towards the same (Winch and Joyce, 2006).

Managing people- Structure and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing people- Structure and Culture - Essay Example The secret of their success is that they try to do every work with efficiency. In order to perform efficiently researchers have identified many theories and models, which organizations have adopted freely. These have focused on the theories and models of organization structure and culture. Both of these are very important for an organizations success. In order to study in detail the structure and culture of an organization I have selected one of the largest banks in UK which is HSBC. This paper not only focuses on discussing the structure of bank but also identifies it impact on the workforce and the possible changes in future (Mullins Laurie J, 2007, p.550) In today’s global environment HSBC bank is the biggest financial service provider. It is one of the largest banks in UK, having its headquarters in London. It has 10,000 offices in 82 states some of which are in Middle East, Asia –Pacific Regions, Africa, Europe, United Kingdom etc. it have a wide network. HSBC Holdings Plc has 200,000 shareholders in hundred nations, such as in Hong Kong, UK, Paris, New York etc. Due to the facilities of internet and other technological systems HSBC provides many financial services to the customers, which includes personal financial services, investment banking, commercial banking, and other products and services. HSBC mainly considers principles and values in the organization. It provides financial services to small and medium sized enterprises. It has more than three million customers on the list which includes public companies, incorporated businesses, associations, clubs, partnership and sole proprietorship. HSBC organizational structure model is similar to the model defined in the theories of organizational behavior as shown in figure 1. A normal model of structural framework is used in a chart. It emphasizes on the fact that organizational structure provides

Ethical Issues and Tactics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Issues and Tactics - Essay Example Each part has its own desires, and a person’s behavior will be dictated by the degree to which each of those elements influences behavior. Some belief in this hypothesis, while others broadly discredit it. One thing that is clear, however, is that psychological modification is possible. One form of doing this is called â€Å"conditioning.† In an experiment run by the current author, a group of animals was taught that ringing bells were a precursor to food: a bell would ring, followed by them being given food every time. What this author found is that eventually, if one took away the food and only rang the bell, the animals in question would salivate anyways: it had been fundamentally programmed into their brain that these things were interconnected. This behavior was modified from the outside for a particular purpose. The ethical problem with this essay is the fact that it did not attribute ideas or programs to the people who they belonged to. For instance, I did not give Freud credit for id, ego, and super-ego theory, and failed to mention Pavlov at all in classical conditioning. Furthermore, it seems that I took credit for an experiment run by Pavlov and not by myself (though I suppose it is possible that I ran this experiment again). I think that this would cause the reader to either not believes in the integrity of my work (if they were familiar with the ideas involved) or else they would walk away with the mistaken impression that I originated those ideas. There are many different psychological theories that help to explain why people behave the way they do, and what can be done to influence behavior. In this essay, I will explain some of them in order to foster a better understanding. One theory is that people behave as they do because of a complex interaction between different parts of themselves, of which the conscious mind is one, and the subconscious is the other.  

((((6))))) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

((((6))))) - Essay Example ademic methods and academic content in curricula but still emphasize to them how important it is to meet the specific needs of the children without necessarily violating the stipulated curriculum. I will inform them their role in helping the children attain the specific components through play and interactive learning and how this helps children attain components such as phonological awareness and comprehend meaning. Learning in my developmentally appropriate preschool classroom will be an interactive affair where preschoolers will freely engage in conversations to acquire oral skills and also participate in plays that will help them interact with the environment to develop cognitive skills. The preschool parents I cross-examined seemed to favor a classroom where their children will be learning literacy skills such as mathematics and sciences. However, they also held the idea that children should be given sometime to play and socialize. They would like the teacher to give personalized attention to children with learning difficulties and give them the opportunity to portray their artistic skills in activities such as modeling and drawing. The parents favor a type of classroom that is physical classroom where both indoors and outdoor activities are undertaken with utter importance. The classroom should have an apmle space for the teacher to interact and help the child. Apparently, this diligently ties with the DAP ideas presented in chapter 15 where more attention should be given to not only academic development, but also exploration of the environment, opportunity/space to manipulate, time to play and time to sleep. Parents seem to realize that play and socialization/interaction are important for the healthy growth and development of

Resolving Organizational Conflicts in Communication and Team Work Essay

Resolving Organizational Conflicts in Communication and Team Work - Essay Example This report constitutes the process and resolution of consultancy for an organization enmeshed in issues in communication, teamwork, and achievement of organizational goals. Within the organization brew conflicts of interests that spew forth outcomes that drag the organization back instead of taking strides forward as a team. Such conflicts may be constraining factors in the smooth transition in the expansion of the organization. This implies that greater workload and responsibilities are expected. With an objective disposition, the consultant interviewed some members of the senior management team who expressed their concerns for the organization. Armed with this initial information, the consultant dug deeper by studying the issues and researching on possible interventions to resolve them. This paper will provide a background of the organization, the presenting problems, elaboration, and explanation of the concepts from a review of the literature and the resulting recommendations for intervention and conclusion. Adino Drug Detox Trust is a drug rehabilitation center that welcomes drug users who want to turn their lives around from being enslaved from drugs to being drug-free. The rehabilitation clinic helps them in their recovery and reintegration to society. The organization has enjoyed an untarnished national and international reputation for the past 30 years. It is registered as both a nursing home as well as a charity. It provides round-the-clock medical and social care.... He may stay in the clinic for a maximum of 3 weeks of detoxification prior to going through the second phase of detoxification. Within a year, he cannot be readmitted, as he is expected to remain drug free for a long time after his detoxification and when released from the clinic, that is his own responsibility. Besides, there are other clients who need the services of the clinic. The personnel involved in Aldino is composed of teams. The Operational Teams are comprised of the Nursing team, the Social Care Team and the Auxillary support team. The Senior Management Team (SMT) is comprised of the CEO, an Operations Director, Financial Director and an HR director. The SMT holds monthly board meetings. They are answerable to a board of trustees who meet quarterly. Referral Problem Meeting with the chairman of the board, the consultant inquired about the presenting problem of the organisation. The chairman expressed concern and dissatisfaction with the way the management could not agree o n so many things. He observed that there was constant squabbling and disagreements and too much interpersonal friction especially between the CEO and the financial director. The senior management team was always divided and the members manifested more individualistic career ambition than collective goal-setting for the organisation. The chairman noted that there was not enough corporate collegial cooperation. Such issues in communication and teamwork has resulted in low morale for the organisation. With the impending move to expand from a 15 bed unit to a 21 bed unit, and ready to accept additional clients in two month’s time, it is expected that the increased work load may present more challenges to the organisation in terms of workload and decision-making. The board of

((((6))))) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

((((6))))) - Essay Example ademic methods and academic content in curricula but still emphasize to them how important it is to meet the specific needs of the children without necessarily violating the stipulated curriculum. I will inform them their role in helping the children attain the specific components through play and interactive learning and how this helps children attain components such as phonological awareness and comprehend meaning. Learning in my developmentally appropriate preschool classroom will be an interactive affair where preschoolers will freely engage in conversations to acquire oral skills and also participate in plays that will help them interact with the environment to develop cognitive skills. The preschool parents I cross-examined seemed to favor a classroom where their children will be learning literacy skills such as mathematics and sciences. However, they also held the idea that children should be given sometime to play and socialize. They would like the teacher to give personalized attention to children with learning difficulties and give them the opportunity to portray their artistic skills in activities such as modeling and drawing. The parents favor a type of classroom that is physical classroom where both indoors and outdoor activities are undertaken with utter importance. The classroom should have an apmle space for the teacher to interact and help the child. Apparently, this diligently ties with the DAP ideas presented in chapter 15 where more attention should be given to not only academic development, but also exploration of the environment, opportunity/space to manipulate, time to play and time to sleep. Parents seem to realize that play and socialization/interaction are important for the healthy growth and development of

Retail Project on Pizza Hut Essay Example for Free

Retail Project on Pizza Hut Essay Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Restaurant Int. which also has KFC, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silver’s under its umbrella. It is the world’s largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries. Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers Frank and Dan Carney in Wichita, Kansas. They had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost ten years later, Pizza Hut was serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ. In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990s Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated their 40th anniversary, and launched their famous campaign The Best Pizzas Under One Roof. In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. The first Indian outlet was opened in June 1996 in Bangalore. In India, Pizza Hut has 139 restaurants across 36 cities. Pizza Hut has been voted the â€Å"best family restaurant† for the second year running at the 2007 Tommy’s Parent Friendly Awards. Pizza Hut is known for quality, innovation and category leadership. 2 RETAIL ENVIRONMENT Out of all the existing pizza chains such as Dominos, Smokin Joe’s, Papa John’s, Pizza Corner, U. S Pizza, Pizza Hut has a dominating market share of 48% of the total market share. However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better pizza for a low price. But Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be the first. One of their main strategies, that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. The market has become greatly competitive and the customer has become more discerning and adventurous. This however has not affected Pizza Huts comfortable reign over the Indian pizza industry and the ever increasing number of loyal customers who have made it possible for Pizza Hut to aggressively extend its presence. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didnt necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to make a pizza into something slightly different so that customers will think it’s a whole new product. E. g., in 1983, Pizza Hut introduced Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the BigFoot, which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced Stuffed Crust Pizza, where the crust would be filled with cheese. Currently, they are marketing The Big New Yorker, trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. 3 POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food retail sector in India. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Bangalore the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional player who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in India. Worldwide and in India, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the best pizzas under one roof. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product – which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. A critical factor in Pizza Huts success has been its unique dining experience. Crewmembers at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide customer mania the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Huts constant endeavor to provide extra value – whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges that puts a Yum on every customers face has allowed it to increase its presence in India to the current 139 restaurants across 36 cities. 4 MARKETING STRATEGY Pizza Hut’s marketing strategy is very simple: â€Å"we want to satisfy our customer by offering them the best. † Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer hotline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. Another big strength and even a competitive advantage is the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Huts competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market to different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Dominos or Little Caesars. Pizza Hut offers a sit-down, conversational type restaurant where families can take their children for birthday parties for example. Pizza Huts broad selection of products also makes it easier for them to market to different market segments. The other two strategies followed by Pizza Hut is C. H. A. M. P. S (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product quality and Speed) and 3F’s (Fun, Friendly and Familiar). These two strategies have really helped Pizza hut to evolve out as a market leader with a competitive advantage. 5 PRODUCT ASSORTMENT Pizza Hut will offer a new product called The Extreme pizza. The Extreme is a twenty-inch pizza with twice as much cheese and toppings as Pizza Huts other pizzas. This new pizza will have many different competitive advantages. The first competitive advantage of The Extreme is that it is the largest pizza on the market. No other pizza restaurant offers a twenty-inch pizza. The second competitive advantage is that it has more cheese and toppings than any other pizza on the market. Another competitive advantage is the Pizza Hut brand name. Pizza Hut has built a brand name that means quality products and services. Since Pizza Hut will be introducing The Extreme, customers will automatically think this is a high quality product. The final competitive advantage is that this product will be the first pizza to target Americas youth. The Extreme pizza will target Generation X and Generation Y or people between the ages of 12 and 30. This market purchases a lot of pizza each year, but very few pizza restaurants actually target them. The Extreme will be introduced on Super Bowl Sunday, 2001. During the introduction stage of the product life cycle, Pizza Hut will try to establish a market for the product and persuade early adopters to buy. During the growth stage, Pizza Hut will try to build sales and develop a preference for the product. Pizza Hut will try to seek differentiation during the maturity stage. The Extreme is expected to begin to decline after one year on the market. 6 PRICE POSITIONING In the past, Pizza Hut has successfully used the high/low pricing strategy when setting the retail price of its products. The high/low retail pricing strategy allows Pizza Hut to charge a price that is above the competition, but also promote frequent sales to lower the price below them. The retail price of The Extreme pizza should be set at $9. 99, which is higher than Pizza Huts competitors. Several sales promotions and coupons will be used to lower the price below those competitors. Since both Pizza Hut and the beverage Mountain Dew are Pepsi subsidiaries, bundle pricing will be used. Customers can purchase The Extreme for $9. 99 and receive a two-liter bottle of Mountain Dew for free. Pizza Hut will be able to sell two products together at a single price to suggest a good value. The high/low pricing strategy has several advantages. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. Pizza Hut can sell The Extreme to the customers who will pay the higher price to be the first to buy and also to the bargain hunters. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. Customers will be able to try something new when they purchase The Extreme and this exciting experience may bring those customers back to purchase other products. Finally, this strategy will emphasize product and service quality. Pizza Hut sets a high initial price for its products to send a signal to customers that its products are quality and the service is excellent. 7 CUSTOMER PROFILE This target profile provides a comparison of Pizza Hut’s customers compared to: a) Total Population 14+ b) Total Purchased from Fast Food Places/Restaurants in the Last 4 Weeks. This target profile provides you with instant access to some of the worlds most insightful, robust consumer research, with unmatched accuracy, integrity and sheer power. Armed with a complete picture of your customers or your competitor’s customers, you are in the best position to fine tune you product strategy, focus your communication, and thereby optimize your marketing budget. Don’t rely on unconfirmed reports; buy this target profile to get all that data, over 400 variables, everything from attitudes and activities to media consumption. 8 CONSUMER PULL FACTORS †¢A critical factor in Pizza Huts success has been a menu that has constantly evolved and expanded to cater to the changing needs and specific preferences of customers in different parts of the world. In having understood the pulse of the customers in India, Pizza Hut has clearly established itself as a brand with an Indian heart. †¢Besides offering an extensive range of vegetarian pizzas, it was the first pizza chain to open a 100% vegetarian restaurant in India in Surat and later in Ahmedabad and Chowpatty, where it offers a Jain menu sans all root-based ingredients. †¢Over the years Pizza Hut has also developed and successfully introduced a range of products especially suited to the Indian palate. These products like Chicken Tikka, Spicy Korma, Spicy Paneer and the Masala and Tandoori pizzas have been a tremendous success. What has also given Pizza Hut a competitive edge is that in addition to an extensive range of internationally renowned pizzas like The Italian, the proprietary Pan Pizza and Stuffed Crust, in India the menu offers the option of a complete meal. It includes appetizers, a Salad Bar where the customers can make their own fresh salads, a range of soups, pastas and desserts. †¢Pizza Hut has a unique tradition. A bell hangs at each Pizza Hut restaurant, which is rung by customers who as they leave wish to thank the servers for yet another memorable visit. 9 COMPARISION 10 LONG TERM PROGNOSIS. With competition being so strong in this industry the threat of imitation products will surely be a problem to be dealt with. Pizza Hut will however have the first mover advantage with this product. With the entry of imitation products into the market, Pizza Hut will have to adjust its mixes to accommodate change. The promotions may have to be bigger and better than the competition, or the product may need to be altered to give it that little bit of an edge over the competition. For example stuffing the crust with cheese or giving a free topping with the purchase would help give Pizza Hut an edge over the competition. Pizza Hut is moving beyond big cities. While consolidating its presence in the metropolitans, this aggressive expansion will involve Pizza Hut entering smaller cities like Cochi, Nasik, Bhubaneswar, Lucknow and Madurai . It is strengthening its roots in the Indian market by tying up with local and popular brands such as Reliance Communication. Apart from this it is also developing local supply chain. Basically, Pizza Hut will need to remain flexible in the maturity stages of the product life cycle in an attempt to continue to be the market leader. Overall, this is a product that is not much unlike any of the other new pizzas that Pizza Hut has introduced. What makes this new product so exciting is the marketing plan that is directing the product at a new segment. We are taking a large pizza with a lot of toppings and marketing it as an Extreme Pizza to a generation of younger adults that are consumed by this marketing tool. This is what will make this a success. The mix of promotion and advertising we will be using will target a very profitable.

Impact Of Globalisation On The Nation State Politics Essay

Impact Of Globalisation On The Nation State Politics Essay The term globalization has been a contentious topic in the field of social sciences and disciplines alike in recent years. The expansive pattern of globalization makes a holistic definition of the concept difficult. Interestingly, in spite of the vast nature of the concept, there is a tendency to homogenize its meaning. Some commentators posit that globalization depicts a polyvalent, promiscuous, controversial word that often obscures more than it reveals (Jessop 2002, p.113), and that globalization remains the most over used and under specified term in the international policy domain since the passing of the Cold War (Higgot 1999, p.1). Indeed the inclination to generate a broad and homogeneous meaning to the concept of globalization may be as a result of the open nature of the concept itself, which makes it quite complex to conceive. However, a key theme in the globalization discourse today is the extent to which the process has led to the weakening and/or strengthening of the nation state. Some scholars have argue that the nation state is central in driving the process of globalization (skeptics), while others contend that the increase in transnational networks has weakened the nation state (Globalist). This paper does not intend to take side with any of these assertions; rather it seeks to analyze the various impacts that the process of globalization has had on the nation state in interacting with global networks and institutions. To achieve this, the first part of this essay looks at the concept of globalization vis a vis the evolution of the nation state within Europe from pre-modern era. This will bring to fore certain phenomenal changes in the contemporary global political economy of state which has lead to the changing role of the nation state in recent years. Using four key factors as my reference point, the second part delves into the impact globalization has had on the nation state under the following parameters The global capital, global environment, global citizenship as well as post-nuclear politic. This will help to suggest the varying consequence of globalism over nationalism In the final analysis, I find the structure for potential globalism evident, thus conclude that indeed the expansion of global network have transformed the function of nation states in today`s global polity, rather than erode the autonomy and sovereignty of nation states. Conceptualising Globalisation: Globalisation presupposes an ongoing process which applies to a broad spectrum of activities ranging from economic actions to the sphere of politics, law, and culture. It is defined as the deepening and expansion of socio-cultural and socio-political ties beyond national frontiers aided by a strong and complex technological breakthrough (Holm Sorensen 1995, p.1). The empirical revelation of economic interdependence however, finds a place in the globalization thesis when Scholte stressed that the growth in global flow of capital through foreign direct investments, the spread of transnational co-operation, foreign exchange transfers, and the establishment of export processing zones, has enmeshed the global economy into an integrated market arena. (2000, p.86). Unarguably the global political economy from the twentieth century has witnessed extensive integration of national economies particularly through cross-border investment and trade, however these interconnectedness tend to shape the policy of state actors via engagements with global institutions without recourse to place and time. Although while the economic logic of globalizations may have shifted to the consciousness of a borderless world (Ohmae 1990, p .172), it is worth noting that the interplay is not universally applicable as some state borders seem demarcated from contemporary global integration( some countries in the south). Thus these states adopt isolationist policies in the excuse that their domestic economic posture is not viable enough to interconnect with external forces. Therefore not all social relations have reached the stage of global civilization; while some nation states assume that international political power outflank its role (Taylor 1996, p. 11), others believe that global politics runs over state-centric political network into a more spatial extensive framework in contemporary times. The Nation State Evolution: During the Middle age epoch in Europe, political authority was distributed between individuals and religious institutions (Axtmann 2004, p.259). The exercise of authority was managed by wealthy merchants, royal families and religious heads in almost all matters during pre-modernization. Although the influence of religious institutions in exercising its authority witnessed a decline in the 16th century through the 18th century, Monarchs became increasingly powerful as a result of certain structural changes in Europe caused by the industrial revolution (Sorensen 2004, p.10). However the king in collaboration with a strong military presence at the time introduced taxes and used states apparatus to legitimize their actions. State managed infrastructure established for credit and monetary concerns were used to sustain the status quo by maintaining legitimacy and guaranteeing trade (Sorensen 2004, p. 10). This system carved out a central authority arrangement upon which the monarchs and the citizens related, giving rise to an administrative framework that metamorphosed in the emergence to the early form of the modern nation state creation. As a follow up, the signing of the Westphalia treaty in 1648 legitimized state structure as a sovereign entity. The principle of sovereignty was premised on the supremacy of the nation state over its subjects, territorial integrity and natural resources. Fundamentally, it is instructive to point out that prior to the Westphalia treaty being entrenched, more than two hundred European entities engaged in dialogues (Sorensen 2004, p.10). The consequence of those negotiations saw Europe having only about fifty states currently. This represents the highest form of fragmentation which passed through series of conflict processes especially during the 1900 to 2000, spanning across various wars with the death toll of over 115 million people (Tilly 1992, p. 6 7). Hence, the process of consolidating states into a transformed entity often navigates through a gradual stage of fierce engagements. This slow but effective transformatory stage is the standard, for launching into the international society; therefore the prevailing global society of states is a product of thorough creation following long standing interest articulation and trade-offs. One characteristic of modern state formation, is the severe decline of internal conflict and civil unrest and the prevalence of the rights of nations and human with the threats to violent conflict almost non-existent (Sorensen 2004, p.11). The presence of these attributes will guarantee the legitimate use of force, based on laid down principles and this will shape the relationship between the state and its citizen. Also since the authority which was once distributed amongst varying actors is centrally managed in a modern nation state, it naturally translates the allegiance of citizens towards to state in a manner that tends to create a sense of community from their history. This sequential establishment of the modern nations state is crucial to understanding the transformations that prepared states towards opening up to the global space. Just after the emergence of the modern nation states, technological and economic advancement tolerated dramatic development to occur within states and they became keen to protect their own interest in relation to others. In the present day, advancement in almost all spheres of interaction has opened up the distribution and consumption of hitherto domestic goods to become global products. What this implies is that globalization now plays a dominant role in the relation of the society of states such that economic activities either within or outside the state is done without emphasis on location. Although the economic relation of states are more often between states, the production of goods and services still remain territorially defined, thus the need to often comprehend international trade through state relations. Examining the effects of globalization on the nation state Global Capital: The enthusiasts of capital mobility, in the wake of advancement in information technology have identified the transformation of capital to be more global than national. They argue that in a formal geographical sense, the ownership of capital has shifted from the territorially bounded entity into an extensive global community (Mann 1977, p 479). Prior to the 1980`s capital mobility was at the purview national government through bond issuance to manage trade deficit/surplus for healthy competition. However the dismantling of state regulations to evolve a loose global market was in tandem with European consciousness to liberalize. Today, the speedy nature of the foreign exchange electronic market, likely explains the scale of contemporary global financial flow. The foreign exchange market accounted for tremendous growth from $1 billion in the middle of 1970s to over $1.2 trillion by 1990, surpassing the global trade ratio of 60:1(Cohn 2000, p.10). Also international bank lending have sky rocketed from a minor level in the 1960`s to over 20 billion annually in the 70`s and a steady growth of 10 times that level in 1990`s. In comparism to the state centric standard of control, contemporary financial capital has become intensively mobile that it no longer yields to the actions of determined governments as thought by many (Ohmae 1990, p.158). It is even more fascinating that the foreign exchange market has attracted almost any body without formal training, and this has become a speculators heaven due to its high yield opportunities it provides. An attempt by regulators to manage the foreign exchange deficits has been unsuccessful since capital gain from the foreign exchange market remains un-tax. Rees-Mogg and Davidson best describe the deregulation in global capital mobility when they stated that the Internet will make avoiding taxes so easy and risk-less that sovereignty will inevitably shift to the individual, leaving the nation-state to die of fiscal starvation (1997, P.159). This clearly shows the extent to which huge capital can literally travel miles across national borders with just a push on a k ey board button. On the other hand however, its been argued that even though capital movements have become largely trans-national the shares and currencies traded are usually pegged to national stock markets principles (Wade 1996). The sceptics response to the flow of capital either through trade or investment is that the institutional origin in which capital flow thrives is largely nationally based. Therefore the role of multi-national co-operations in spreading foreign direct investment around the world does not necessarily make them stateless. For instance the cost of establishing an electronics industry requires hi-tech manufacturing skilled labour, hence to ensure effective production cost, an FDI initiative will allows for the recruitment of local citizens and the avoidance of tariff barriers. This will result in the Manufacturing Company retaining a large proportion of local origin and blend to local conditions as against the claim that MNC`s are placeless. Fundamentally, the wave of globalization has transformed national economies from subsistent production to a global production apparatus. This means that the world of states is adjusting to the irreversible dynamics of globalization, as societies are becoming more competitive and coalescing to create an international system of interdependence. However this trend is not necessarily even or universal, the indications of globalization on the nation state has varying consequences. While a genuine single market is evident in Europe, North America and East Asia, the same cannot be said of Sahara Africa or the Balkans. Yet most literature more often generalizes nation state experience in its interaction with the global network. Global Environment: Human environment is full of overwhelming potential hazards. This risk is attributable to a number of factors, not exclusive to global capitalism. The environmental pressure of coping with economic production has indeed deeply affected the atmosphere and climate of the world. Dealing with this destruction will require nation state to take necessary steps in protecting their immediate environment. Europe, America and recently Singapore have sponsored the cleaning up of their environment. Nevertheless the need to respond to this challenge in contemporary global space demands both the rich and poor nations to share the burden. Richard Falk argues that the danger of ozone depletion requires the involvement of the optimist and pessimist alike (1999, p.28). This means that the current global era shifts the responsibility of solving the ecological damage from immediate domestic actor to a compliant network of actors which could be voluntary or through agreements. It is perhaps correct to say that responses to environmental challenges can be seen in duality, private firms now use slogans like Think globally, act locally to create an open concern towards the decay of the environment. The green peace initiative is in the forefront of disseminating the rejection of scientific exploitation of nature on energy grounds clean. In doing so its uses its western connection to influence the energy policy of national government across the globe, this is also similar to what the global civil society (GIS) does. Through an awareness campaign, the (GCS) cajole national governments into subscribing to the international code of conduct on environmental practices. On the other hand however, while it is imperative to `think globally and act locally` as some environmental activist advocate, the assumption that all environmental problems require global concern is quite misleading. For instance environmental concern arising from human activity on the soil such as deforestation and watershed failure are certainly dealt with at local level. In spite of emergencies and spread of international networks on environmental problem, the compliance of various nation states is important for positive result. Therefore Michael Mann affirms that the policy makers in transnational agencies are also representatives of their various nation state, therefore `soft geopolitics` remains a viable tool for effective policy implementation (1997,p.490). Moreover the skeptic view finds actuality in the history of international co-operations on global environment, as there are several examples of negotiations failing due to either structural imbalance of the North/South, or because states do not find such engagements helpful to their economic and political concerns. The Copenhagen summit failed due to this kind of suspicion. The weakness of the UN climate convention document as not reflecting the concerns of poor developing countries on the limit of emission reduction, created the deadlock negotiations at Copenhagen. Notwithstanding, one thing the Copenhagen summit would have achieved today is the fact that national governments are now well informed of the reality of climate change, therefore legislations from various national governments now seeks to address climate change within their own internal agencies. Global Citizenship: The current age of information technology has made the monopoly of information by nation states difficult. Across geographical boundaries peoples access to information on global development creates the opportunity for them to have varieties of preferences on products and life styles. Gone are the days when the flow of information was managed by government to suit their policy interest, currently people`s free access to information have made them cosmopolitan in their character (Ohmae 1990, p.19). The swiftness of information travel from the internet and cable network in an increasingly globalised world provides a background for understanding the changing role of the state with regards to citizenship. Richard Falk has described citizenship as a shifting set of relationship and attitude without any necessary territorial delimitation (Brecher 1993, p.39). The dynamics of economic, cultural and ecological transformation offered by globalization is responsible for this shift. Therefore human experience in contemporary global era makes global citizenship irreversible as it is impossible to territorially manage the relations of people. As stated in Ohmae`s borderless world, The Japanese have become global citizens through perpetual travel abroad. This he claims would not have been possible in the past if not for the flow of information around the world. (1990, p.19). Conversely, the global citizenship phenomenon has been challenge by skeptic who holds to the view that nationalism remains a powerful devise to the primary identity which gives people the rights and privileges they enjoy within a given boundary. They argue (Skeptics) that the legitimate role of citizen has been offered by the foundation of political democracy through constitutional framework which allows for periodic elections and the assurance of rights. However the generalization of global citizenship may have been overstated. The evidences are more conspicuous in Europe where the mentality towards market, politics and security has been largely de-territorialized. By contrast this mentality does not find credence in sub-Saharan Africa were negotiations to act collectively has often been a mirage. (Falk 1990, P.159). Post-Nuclear Politic:- Understanding the New World Order : The dominant discourse after the two great wars in political life has been how to fashion out a universal body to govern the world as a whole. The defining political challenge was to establish a world order based on sustainable democratic principles. A consciousness that was pioneered by the Western states after the lesson learnt from `hard geopolitics` was to build a world order bases on collective action. Therefore the concept of globalization and the use of `soft geopolitics` sets an agenda to restructure the world without necessarily going through the face of transformation that occurred in Europe.(Mann 1997,p.493). Consequently, threats ranging from rising nuclear tension in states like Pakistan and India and separatist agitations in other countries around the world continue to slap down reluctant militarist nations in global affairs. Globalization however offers a plausible platform to contain potential danger through global geopolitical order. In this regards, the United Nations represent a marginal player in global security concern. Even though its more often accused of failing, the evident bearing has shifted towards regionalism. The approach to build a global governance structure through regionalism has yielded positive results. With an experience from the European Union, security issues are now articulated within regions shaped by the UN charter . At least it is apparent that regional institution remains feasible potential network towards the emergence of positive globalism. In refuting the impact of global governance over the nation state, Max Weber maintains that the monopoly of territory remains a distinctive feature which only the modern state possesses (1968, p.56). This means that the prevailing role of governance is exclusive to nation states, therefore the choice to engage in the society of states or international relations is not forceful but dependent on the willingness do so. Since nation states develop into self-sufficient entities acting on their own will (Bull 1977). Globalization and Governance: According to the Keynesian welfare state which calls for powerful government involvement in economic planning and social welfare, the developed economies of the world embraced the Keynesian model since the end of WW II until the 1970`s. This system thrived as it became an effective management tool that strengthened the network between states in relation to the market. However the economic crisis at the end of the 1970`s informed by the oil strike of Arab and the resultant economic downturn, paved way for rapid economic liberalization and fiscal control. The wave of globalization has coerced national governments to reshape their functions towards a vast catalyst role of consensus building and mediation as against been the provider (UN, 2001, World Public Sector: 21). Hence, the liberal economic consciousness revamped the role of central governments in interfering with their national economy to mere regulatory roles, bases on neo liberal ideas. It is fascinating to discover that the adoption of new watchdog role as offered by open economic market principles in the United Kingdom witness speedy economic recovery than the socialist economic model of France at that time (Sorensen 2004: 33). The authorities that states exercise in managing economic activities became private regulated by non-state actors in the global political economy. Nonetheless, a complex network does exist between the state and the market in addressing governance issues. For instance, the Global Reporting Initiative (GLI) which is saddled with the responsibility of measuring the private actors impact comprises of NGO`S, MNC`S, the government and professional bodies. On the other hand also economic and political networks at the regional level have emerged viz :- ASEAN, NAFTA, EU and the AU all comprised of nations states showing awareness and wiliness tackling the prevailing demands of globalization. It is safe to state that globalization has transformed state structure and national government in coming to terms with the dynamics that the era presents. New partnerships between public and private sector have been on the rise and this has led government to be more accountable and productive. The Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs established in Mexico and Brazil have been adopted by many other states in the United States, e.g. The New York Citys Opportunity NYC (World Bank Seminar 2007). Conclusion:- The culmination of factors necessitated by the wave of globalization has provoked many thoughts concerning the future of the state. Indeed numerous revelations emanating from the literates suggest that the nations state has lost its role, some other thoughts argue the state still retain its character. It is against this background that I delve into the discursive debate. It has become clear to me that the impact of globalization is multi dimensional. Consequently the triumph of globalism over nationalism remains an ironic claim if not dubious; this is so because at every point of convergence the state remains an unsurpassed political actor for global engagements. While I do not affirm to be statist in my disposition or ascribe to the borderless world thesis, I correspond from my finding, that states are responding to the dynamics of global pressure and that the market is still subject to state control to some extent. In sum, the world has become anarchical with the technological advancement of our age, much as economic globalization has made the world replete with global product. Therefore the structure of global governance rests upon an engaging society of state rather than an imaginary global society. Hence impartial proposals, trade-offs and negotiations will help erect a true international society.

Role of Cinderella in Modern Times :: essays papers

Role of Cinderella in Modern Times There are many fairy tales told to children in the United States. My personal favorite was, is, and always will be the tale of Cinderella. The story is as follows: A young girl's mother dies, leaving her alone with her father. As the little girl grows up, she and her father become very close, and he treats her like a little princess. One day, he tells her that he is remarrying. At first, the woman and her two daughters are kind to the girl, but this all soon ends. Shortly after the marriage, the father dies, and from that point on, the "wicked stepmother" and "evil stepsisters" rename the girl "Cinderella" (after the cinders she is forced to sweep from the fireplace). They treat her as an indentured servant, ordering her around, and being very cruel in general. One day, all the woman are invited to a party at the royal palace, the purpose of which is to find a wife for the Prince. But the stepmother tells Cinderella that she cannot go unless she finishes all her chores-an impossible task in the short amount of time before the ball. The stepmother does not want her at the ball because Cinderella is much more beautiful than the woman's own daughters. After the stepmother and stepsisters have left for the ball, Cinderella looks around the messy house, and begins to weep. Suddenly, a fairy appears, tells Cinderella that she is her "Fairy Godmother" and makes her a deal. She simply waves her magic wand, and the house is spotless. Another wave, and Cinderella is clean and beautiful, wearing a gorgeous ball gown and glass slippers. The only catch is that Cinderella must be home at midnight, when the spell will wear off. When Cinderella gets to the ball, she is the most beautiful woman there, and the prince is immediately enraptured by her. They dance all night, but suddenly Cinderella realizes it is almost 12 and she must leave. While fleeing the palace before the prince can see her transform back into a servant girl, Cinderella loses one of her slippers. The prince is determined to find her again, so he sets out to try the slipper on the foot of every woman in the countryside. He sees by the very small size of the shoe that it would fit only Cinderella. When he gets to Cinderella's house, the stepsisters try to cram their feet into the shoes (in the original version of the story, they even cut off their toes to do so).

The Dead :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Gabriel Conroy delivers his wordy yet incredibly moving speech to the gaggle of Dubliners gathered together for the Holidays, he worries, possibly even fears, death. He talks of the future, making it sound cold and inhospitable. He lays compliments on his aunts one after the other about their â€Å" perennial youth’ (pg.166) and their kid ways. Gabriel addresses both the future and the present using a compare and contrast method, making one seem comforting and homey, the other dark and unknown. This comparison adds the aspect of death to Gabriel’s speech because of impermanence of his Aunt Julia and Aunt Kate; the impermanence of good old Irish hospitality, warmth and love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader is also a sense of Gabriel’s desperate fear of death when he speaks of his Aunt Kate and Aunt Julia. He seems defiant of the fact that they are both old and won’t be around to throw parties like these much longer. Gabriel constantly harps on their energy and youthfulness. At first, he sounds simply like a polite young man fiercely complimenting his elder family members as many people do. But as his speech continues and he begins to discuss the attributes of each aunt and how they effect everyone else in the room, Gabriel begins to sound more and more like he is trying to grab and hold on to something completely intangible. And I think that â€Å"thing† is youth. He is trying to preserve his aunts, and every wonderful thing that they represent, forever. He sees that once they perish, there will be no one to throw these parties anymore, no one to extend a warm welcome to anyone who enters their home. In the future, without Gabrielâ₠¬â„¢s aunts, everything they know today will gone; all because of death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriel starts out his speech with talk of the ideas, both political and scientific, that are beginning to sprout out of young people’s minds as they speak. He fears that these young, educated people will not look back on parties like they are holding at this moment and recognizes the â€Å" qualities of humanity, of hospitality, of kindly humour† (pg. 165) that run rampant through each and every room. He seems to realize the importance of these qualities and he fears that when his generation dies out, so will the mannerisms of the Old Irish ways, the comfort these ways bring him, and mostly, life as he knows it.

Religious Toleration Essay

In early Europe, many places established a strong sense of church. This was normally established by the ruler and how the ruler thought the land should practice. When the Protestant reformation came around, this boiled up many different controversies with toleration. The 16th to 18th centuries saw a lot of diverse arguments and practices concerning religious toleration. From different people all over, the ideas varied greatly with some people only wanting their religions to exist, others giving some leeway for other religions to live on, while some compromising for the good of their own people or followers. Toleration was accepted by some and rejected by others in Europe. William Prince of Orange wanted to ensure to keep his country safe so his proclamation to the people of the Netherlands stating that religious toleration was needed so Spain could not potentially harm them, therefore tolerance was a way to keep the peace inside their country (DOC 2). In 1649, the _Agreement of the Free People of England_ pamphlet wrote on how the anguish of persecution is caused by religious problems (Doc 6). Voltaire, a French writer and philosopher, writes about how if one religion was allowed in England the government could become heavily tyrannical therefore he states that religious toleration would bring peace and let people live happily (DOC 11). No toleration from the some of the Roman and French people was evident against the Protestants. King Louis XIV of France in 1685 forbids the subjects of Protestant religion in any place because of the evils, troubles, and confusion in his country, therefore he doesn’t believe Protestants should be allowed anywhere under any circumstances (DOC 8). Going completely against what Luther believes, Maria Theresa has her belief that if there is no subordination in the church, how will people live? Putting salvation at  stake when bringing other religions into the picture is what outraged many people in the sixteenth to eighteenth century (Doc 12). A French Catholic aristocrat, Paul Hay du Chastelet, wanted to give his opinion and pleas that the unity of one belief binds the men together and keeps all the men at the same altar who will rarely fight each other, therefore the princes are obligated to pick the religion of the region they are in charge of (DOC 7). The two most discussed topic in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries would be the toleration and non-toleration of religions. Some people made compromises so there was no fighting or keeping the peace between people. Glabbais in 1691 opens up a new Catholic church and states that no offense between the Protestants and Catholics will happen when going to and from church. Also, there will be a specific meeting place for Catholics so no trouble is caused (Doc 9). Also, when King Henry IV of France wrote the famous Edict of Nantes, it permitted reformed religions to live in the places of his Kingdom. The Edict explains how the people of the reformed religion will keep everything contained (Doc 5). The other way the compromise was achieved was through keeping the religions separated. This meant that one religion would be observed quietly and peacefully in their home. This was mostly accommodated to the Lutherans and the Lutherans had to stay where their religion thrives (Doc 10). The religious toleration in the 16th through 18th centuries brought a lot of talk between the arguments and practices of religions. There were people who agreed that religion should all coexist together, have only one practice control everyone, or some with a compromise for the good of their own people. Religious tolerance was a term that was debated and capitalized on for most states and Kingdoms during the Protestant Reformation.

Exponential Smoothing and Fast Food Essay

Choose one of the forecasting methods and explain the rationale behind using it in real life. I would choose to use the exponential smoothing forecast method. Exponential smoothing method is an average method that reacts more strongly to recent changes in demand than to more distant past data. Using this data will show how the forecast will react more strongly to immediate changes in the data. This is good to examine when dealing with seasonal patterns and trends that may be taking place. I would find this information very useful when examining the increased production of a product that appears to be higher in demand in the present than in the past Taylor (2011). For example, annual sales of toys will probably peak in the months of March and April, and perhaps during the summer with a much smaller peak. This pattern is likely to repeat every year, however, the relative amount of increase in sales during March may slowly change from year to year. During the month of march the sales for a particular toy may increase by 1 million dollars every year. We could add to our forecasts for every March the amount of 1 million dollars to account for this seasonal fluctuation. Describe how a domestic fast food chain with plans for expanding into China would be able to use a forecasting model. By looking at the data of other companies the fast food chain would be able to put together a forecast to determine if their business venture was viable. They could examine the sales data and determine through a exponential smoothing forecast if it made sense for them to enter into the market. This would show the trends and changes in the data more recently rather than in past time. The fast food industry of China is experiencing phenomenal growth and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country, with the compounded annual growth rates of the market crossing 25%. Further, on the back of changing and busy lifestyle, fast emerging middle class population and surging disposable income, the industry will continue to grow at apace in coming years. What is the difference between a causal model and a time- series model? Give an example of when each would be used. The time series model is based on using historical data to predict future behavior Taylor (2011). This method could be used by a construction work, retail store, fast food restaurant or clothing manufacturer to predict sales for an upcoming season change. For example, new homebuilders in US may see variation in sales from month to month. But analysis of past years of data may reveal that sales of new homes are increased gradually over period of time. In this case trend is increase in new home sales. The causal model uses a mathematical correlation between the forecasted items and factors affecting how the forecasted item behaves. This would be used by companies who do not have access to historical data therefore they would use a competitors available data. For example, the sales of ice cream will increase when the temperature outside is high. You will see more and more people going to the stores buying ice cream, freeze pops and other cold items when it is hot. When it is cold you will see more people buying coffee, hot chocolate, and cappuccino. What are some of the problems and drawbacks of the moving average forecasting model? One problem with the moving average method is that it does not take into account data that change due to seasonal variations and trends. This method works better in short run forecast†¦