Purity and Purifications of Solids Using Melting Points. free essay sample

Immaculateness and cleansings of solids utilizing liquefying focuses. Tatyana Aleksandrova CHE 337, Section 001 Department of Chemistry Portland State University, Portland, OR ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Unique Melting purposes of Naphthalene/Biphenyl blends contrasting in their percent arrangements were watched and plotted on a diagram that demonstrated eutectic purpose of the blend to be at 50 mole percent Naphthalene. Utilizing dissolving guide strategy toward distinguish blend Unknown H was resolved to be 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Presentation Melting point is a procedure utilized by scientists to recognize obscure substance. Mixes relying upon their compound structure have a particular dissolving point. Unadulterated substance has a sharp liquefying point with the most extreme scope of 5? C. Blends then again have more extensive territory. In light of these ideas obscure blends/substances can be dictated by joining them with the substance of the known dissolving point. Test Section Materials and Instruments: Melt Temp gadget used to electrically warm up substance to a known temperature. We will compose a custom paper test on Virtue and Purifications of Solids Using Melting Points. or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Glass slim to hold substance in a Melt Temp while warming. Naphthalene Biphenyl Unknown H Naphthalene and Biphenyl dissolving point assurance. Utilizing methodology for dissolving point assurance with Mel-Temp on p. 43-45 in FFF dissolving purposes of unadulterated Naphthalene, unadulterated Biphenyl and blends of the two were watched and recorded. Blends of Naphthalene and Biphenyl as indicated by their mass percent utilized in analyze: 10% Naphthalene, 90% Biphenyl 30% Naphthalene, 40% Biphenyl half Naphthalene, half Biphenyl 70% Naphthalene, 30% Biphenyl 90% Naphthalene, 10% Biphenyl Benefits of softening focuses acquired in the perception were recorded in Table 1 and plotted into Graph 1. ID of an Unknown utilizing Mixture Melting Points. MP of obscure H was resolved utilizing strategy demonstrated on p. 43-45 in FFF. Two known examples with the nearest to obscure H mps were resolved. Two blends were readied, each joining obscure with the known example in 50/50 extent. MP of every blend was watched and recorded. Blend that had sharp liquefying point was blend that contained indistinguishable parts. Results and conversation Liquefying focuses for blends containing diverse percent of Naphthalene to Biphenyl were watched, recorded, found the middle value of and charted in Table 1 and Graph 1. Normal was taken from a few outcomes got by natural science lab. Table 1. Normal dissolving direct explicit toward % Naphthalene in Naphthalene-Biphenyl blend % Naphthalene inNaphthalene-Biphenyl blend (%)| Corresponding Melting point ( °C )| 0| 68. 09| 10| 62. 36| 30| 53. 88| 50| 47. 74| 70| 50. 99| 90| 73. 55| 100| 78. 87| Mole Percent of Naphthalene Temperature (C) Graph 1. Liquefying Point Diagram for Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Watched liquefying purposes of unadulterated Naphthalene and Biphenyl (in Table 1) are steady with CRC Handbook1, that demonstrates softening temperatures for these substances at 80. 2 °C and 71. 0  °C, individually. In light of the diagram above eutectic point lies at half mole percent Naphthalene. Class results were arrived at the midpoint of, in this manner one mistaken outcome would impact the normal point, this could be a likely wellspring of blunder in the test. In any case, class normal for MP of unadulterated substances approached values in CRC Handbook. Another Source of mistake is restricted information focuses that were watched. Best fitted line showed in Table 1 can contain a wellspring of mistake because of the deficient number of information focuses. Utilizing Melting point method obscure H, was resolved to have MP in the range from 73. 3 to 75. 4. In light of its liquefying point it was blended in with 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and unadulterated Biphenyl. Results are accounted for in Table 2. Substance tested| Melting Point (  °C )| Unknown H/3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde| 76. 1 78. 7| Unknown H/unadulterated Biphenyl| 55. 0 59. 6| Table 2. Dissolving purposes of blends containing obscure H in 50/50 extent. In light of the way that blend with 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde had moderately short proximity of (76. 1  °C 78. 1  °C) with 2. 5  °C distinction in completion esteems, which can be considered as a sharp point, obscure H is 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Decision Melting point is a strategy used to recognize unadulterated substances by watching scopes of softening focuses as it was done in blends of Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Eutectic point, notwithstanding, ought to be kept in my when testing for unadulterated substances, for eutectic creations can misdirect aftereffects of the test if nothing else is thought of. Biphenyl’s on this strategy obscure H tried was resolved to be 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dependent on its sharp MT. Questions: 1. an) Examples in which an unadulterated substance could give an expansive liquefying range: 5 mole percent of Naphthalene to 95 mole percent of Biphenyl (which is acceptable level of virtue) has a wide dissolving range. b) Example of a circumstance in which a sullied substance liquefies pointedly: Mixture of 60 mole percent of Naphthalene and 40 mole percent of Biphenyl. Blend has eutectic arrangement. 2. Eutectic blend †blend in which extents of its constituents permit a uniform softening point for that blend. MP go is sharp, regardless of the way that blend is sullied. 3. Impacts of the polluting influences on liquefying conduct of benzoic corrosive: MP Benzoic Acid †122  °C a. Pieces of squashed glass †MP of smashed glass is around 1500  °C, which is much higher than MP of B. A. Because of the huge distinction in dissolving focuses between substances, glass will remain bankrupt. MP of B.. A. won't transform, it will soften with bits of glass in the substance. . Remaining recrystallization dissolvable â€mostly contains water, which would bring down the softening purpose of B. A. c. Channel paper filaments †MP of B. A. won't change, because of huge contrasts in Mps. Filaments will stay in the softened B. A. d. Particles of roof mortar that fell into the example †MP of B. A. won't change because of distinction in Mps. 4. FFF, 2. 8, p. 48: Suppose you ar e taking a MP and compound vanishes.. What was the deal? Compound was an unstable exacerbate that changes from strong to vaporous structure without experiencing fluid structure (sublimed). To forestall this one finish of the narrow ought to be fixed. 5. Since compound is in groups, it takes more warmth to experience layers to warm up a compound. In any case, more warmth doesn’t mean higher softening point. It has more substance to warm. 6. Regardless of whether two mixes have a similar liquefying point, in the event that they are not indistinguishable MT of their blend will be discouraged. Along these lines, blend that shows a similar MT as an obscure would distinguishing proof. References 1CRC Handbook, CRC Press: New York, 1999.

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog!

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog! The Essay Expert anticipates offering some benefit to MBA and EMBA candidates in two significant manners: 1) by offering MBA confirmations counseling administrations and 2) by sharing intriguing and valuable data in our MBA Admissions Blog. This blog is a gathering to examine issues of worry to MBA and EMBA candidates. We anticipate sharing our interpretation of a wide scope of issues with the goal that you will be ready for progress as you enter the application procedure. Youll see numerous things here composed by our freshest and most senior confirmations expert, Larry Sochrin. Larry is one of the most experienced MBA affirmations specialists in the business, having worked in this field for more than 14 years. He holds a MBA from Wharton, and recently talked with candidates to the school as a former student. A senior coach, Larry has conveyed workshops for gatherings of affirmations advisors on themes extending from meeting to applying to worldwide MBA schools. He has additionally given preparing classes for imminent business college candidates, just as for firms who offer confirmations counseling support as a worker advantage. Larry has guided customers through a few thousand MBA applications. He has answers to pretty much every conceivable inquiry you may experience as you experience the affirmations procedure. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 17, 2011

Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams!

Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams! Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams! Watch Out for Change-of-Address Identity Theft Scams!Your mail contains a lot of sensitive info, and identity thieves can easily forward it to their own address.When it comes to scamming someone, the only limit is the scammer’s imagination. In fact, we wrote only last week about 10 common scams that you should be on the lookout for. It’s not like these people need us to make things easier for them, right?Well, unfortunately, we make things easy for them all the time. And on particularly egregious example comes directly from the US Postal Service.Why steal your money when a thief  can steal your identity instead?In the olden days, thieves would want to steal a person’s possessions or their money. But as our financial system has become more and more interconnected, it’s become much easier (and often more profitable) to steal a person’s identity.Impersonating a person with a good credit score gives you access to tons of loans and credit cards. An identity thief can then use th ese loans and credit cards to purchase all sorts of goodsâ€"without ever being responsible for paying their lenders back. That responsibility, unfortunately, falls on the person whose identity was stolen.The most important piece of information an identity thief can steal is your social security numberâ€"it’s like a password that allows them access to your entire life. But by stealing your address, your driver’s license number, your credit and debit card info, or your online usernames and actual  passwords, an identity thief can still do a lot of damage.Computers now give thieves much more advanced ways to access your information. By sending you a so-called “phishing” email, a thief can gain access to your computer and your email account. If anyone sends you an email asking you to click on a linkâ€"even if it looks like it’s coming from your friend’s accountâ€"be very, very cautious.Then again, there is one online method of identity theft that requires barely any hacking at all.The USPS change-of-address process is easyâ€"and its easy for scammers too.If you’ve ever moved, then you’ve had to go online to the website for the United States Postal Service (USPS) to change your address. If you’ve done so, you might have noticed that the process was pretty easy! Just fill out the form, and youre good to go.Even if you can’t go online to do it, the change-of-address process is still pretty easy! All you need to do is visit your local post office, fill out a change-of-address card, and pop it in the mail.Once your request has been processed, the USPS will start forwarding your mail to the new address. In order to verify that this request was legit, they will send a Confirmation Notification Letter to the new address. They will also send a Move Validation Letter to the old address.All in all, it is pretty easy, simple processâ€"which is exactly why its a huge problem. The process is so easy and so simple that pretty much anyone is able to change you r address. Including identity thieves.Identity thieves will forward your mail to a new address.When someone steals your identity, there is going to be evidence of their theft. For instance, if they sign up for a new credit card using your real information, you would receive that credit card in the mail as well as a monthly bill. It makes identity theft pretty easy to spot!But what if that identity thief were able to change your mailing address with USPS to an address that only they can access? All evidence of their identity theft would be hidden from their mark, and those new credit cards would be sent directly to the scammer, allowing them to run up the balances before anyone figures out what’s happening.And that’s not all. Changing your address actually helps them steal your information in the first place! All of those credit card bills and important documents that are being sent to you in the mail end up in their hands.A person’s name and address are pretty easy to find. Ar med with only that, a scammer can easily access the rest of your personal information by turning your mailbox into their personal treasure trove.Of course, people tend to notice when they stop getting mail altogetherâ€"or when they receive a notice looking to confirm their change-of-address. But those extra days or weeks it takes them to sort the issue out with USPS is sometimes all the time the thief needs to do their thing.This scam is being run all the time. Over the past year alone, there have been reports of these scams from Cleveland, Chicago, Florida, and New York. So long as the USPS makes changing your address this easy, these scammers will continue to prey on people.How can you protect yourself from change-of-address scams?Unfortunately, this is one of the harder identity theft practices to protect yourself against. When you get targeted by a change-of-address scam, you can contact the USPS to notify them that the change was fraudulent. But by that point, a lot of damage m ight have already been done.All the same: If you have been made a victim of the scheme, you should contact your local police department as well as the US Postal Inspectors at 1-877-876-2455. You can also go to IdentityTheft.gov and get a personalized plan to address the scam.The best way to prevent new accounts from being taken out in your name is to sign up for credit monitoring and to have a freeze put on your credit. While the freeze is in place, no new accounts can be opened using your personal information. (If you were a victim in last year’s Equifax hack, you might already have credit monitoring through their TrustedID program.)Even with credit monitoring, you should also be checking your credit reports regularly. The goods news is that you get one free copy of your credit report every year from each credit bureau. To request a copy, just visit www.AnnualCreditReport.com.Lastly, protect your home address from scammers by keeping a close watch on your mail. Don’t let it bui ld up in your mailbox or on your front porch for days at a time. Collect it promptly and bring it inside.We also recommend that you invest in a paper shredder. Once you’re done with your mail, just pop it in the machine and watch your sensitive personal information vanish. Just throwing away your mail isnt good enough. Identity thieves are not above digging through your trash to find your info.Like we said up top, there are so many ways for a person to scam you and steal your identity. Don’t make it easier for them.To learn more about protecting yourself from identity theft and other scams, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Protect Yourself From Phone Scams3 Identity Theft Warning Signs and Tips to Protect Your IdentityMulti-Level Marketing Scams: How a MLM “Job” Could End Up Costing You ThousandsHave you ever been scammed by someone who changed your mailing address? We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook   and  Twitter.

Andrew Cunningham - Admiral Andrew Cunningham - World War II - Royal Navy

Andrew Browne Cunningham was born January 7, 1883, outside Dublin, Ireland. The son of anatomy professor Daniel Cunningham and his wife Elizabeth, the Cunninghams family was of Scottish extraction. Largely raised by his mother, he began schooling in Ireland before being sent to Scotland to attend the Edinburgh Academy. At the age of ten, he accepted his fathers offer of pursuing a naval career and left Edinburgh to enter the Naval Preparatory School at Stubbington House. In 1897, Cunningham was accepted as a cadet in the Royal Navy and assigned to the training school aboard HMS Britannia at Dartmouth. Highly interested in seamanship, he proved a strong student and graduated 10th in a class of 68 the following April. Ordered to HMS Doris as a midshipman, Cunningham traveled to the Cape of Good Hope. While there, the Second Boer War began ashore. Believing there to be an opportunity for advancement on land, he transferred to the Naval Brigade and saw action in Pretoria and Diamond Hill. Returning to sea, Cunningham moved through several ships before commencing sub-lieutenants courses at Portsmouth and Greenwich. Passing, he was promoted and assigned to HMS Implacable. World War I Contributions Promoted to lieutenant in 1904, Cunningham passed through several peacetime postings before receiving his first command, HM Torpedo Boat #14 four years later. In 1911, Cunningham was placed in command of the destroyer HMS Scorpion. Aboard at the outbreak of World War I, he took part in the failed pursuit of the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben and cruiser SMS Breslau. Remaining in the Mediterranean, Scorpion participated in the early 1915 attack on the Dardanelles at the beginning of the Gallipoli Campaign. For his performance, Cunningham was promoted to commander and received the Distinguished Service Order. Over the next two years, Cunningham took part in routine patrol and convoy duty in the Mediterranean. Seeking action, he requested a transfer and returned to Britain in January 1918. Given command of HMS Termagent in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes Dover Patrol, he performed well and earned a bar for his DSO. With the end of the war, Cunningham moved to HMS Seafire and in 1919 received orders to sail for the Baltic. Serving under Rear Admiral Walter Cowan, he worked to keep the sea lanes open to newly independent Estonia and Latvia. For this service, he was awarded a second bar for his DSO. Interwar Years Promoted to captain in 1920, Cunningham moved through a number of senior destroyer commands and later served as Fleet Captain and Chief of Staff to Cowan in North America and West Indies Squadron. He also attended the Army Senior Officers School and the Imperial Defense College. Upon completing the latter, he received his first major command, the battleship HMS Rodney. In September 1932, Cunningham was elevated to rear admiral and made Aide-de-Camp to King George V. Returning to the Mediterranean Fleet the following year, he oversaw its destroyers which relentlessly trained in ship handling. Raised to vice admiral in 1936, he was made second in command of the Mediterranean Fleet and placed in charge of its battlecruisers. Highly regarded by the Admiralty, Cunningham received orders to return to Britain in 1938 to assume the post of Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff. Taking this position in December, he was knighted the following month. Performing well in London, Cunningham received his dream posting on June 6, 1939, when he was made commander of the Mediterranean Fleet. Hoisting his flag aboard HMS Warspite, he began planning for operations against the Italian Navy in case of war. World War II Contributions With the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Cunninghams primary focus became protecting the convoys that supplied British forces in Malta and Egypt. With the defeat of France in June 1940, Cunningham was forced to enter into tense negotiations with Admiral Rene-Emile Godfroy regarding the status of the French squadron at Alexandria. These talks were complicated when the French admiral learned of the British attack on Mers-el-Kebir. Through skillful diplomacy, Cunningham succeeded in convincing the French to allow their ships to be interned and their men repatriated. Though his fleet had won several engagements against the Italians, Cunningham sought to dramatically alter the strategic situation and reduce the threat to Allied convoys. Working with the Admiralty, a daring plan was conceived which called for a nighttime airstrike against the Italian fleets anchorage at Taranto. Moving forward on November 11-12, 1940, Cunninghams fleet approached the Italian base and launched torpedo planes from HMS Illustrious. A success, the Taranto Raid sank one battleship and badly damaged two more. The raid was extensively studied by the Japanese when planning their attack on Pearl Harbor. In late March 1941, under heavy pressure from Germany to halt the Allied convoys, the Italian fleet sortied under the command of Admiral Angelo Iachino. Informed of enemy movements by Ultra radio intercepts, Cunningham met the Italians and won a decisive victory at the Battle of Cape Matapan on March 27-29. In the battle, three Italian heavy cruisers were sunk and a battleship damaged in exchange for three British killed. That May, following the Allied defeat on Crete, Cunningham successfully rescued over 16,000 men from the island despite taking heavy losses from Axis aircraft. Later War In April 1942, with the United States now in the war, Cunningham was appointed to the naval staff mission to Washington, DC and built a strong relationship with the Commander-in-Chief of the US Fleet, Admiral Ernest King. As a result of these meetings, he was given command of the Allied Expeditionary Force, under General Dwight D. Eisenhower, for the Operation Torch landings in North Africa late that fall. Promoted to admiral of the fleet, he returned to the Mediterranean Fleet in February 1943 and worked tirelessly to ensure that no Axis forces would escape from North Africa. With the conclusion of the campaign, he again served under Eisenhower in commanding the naval elements of the invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and the landings in Italy that September. With the collapse of Italy, he was present at Malta on September 10 to witness the formal surrender of the Italian fleet. Following the death of the First Sea Lord, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound, Cunningham was appointed to the post on October 21. Returning to London, he served as a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee and provided overall strategic direction for the Royal Navy. In this role, Cunningham attended the major conferences at Cairo, Tehran, Quebec, Yalta, and Potsdam during which plans for the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Japan were formulated. Cunningham remained First Sea Lord through the end of the war until his retirement in May 1946. Later Life For his wartime service, Cunningham was created Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope. Retiring to Bishops Waltham in Hampshire, he lived in a house that he and his wife, Nona Byatt (m. 1929), had purchased before the war. During his retirement, he held several ceremonial titles including Lord High Steward at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Cunningham died in London on June 12, 1963, and was buried at sea off Portsmouth. A bust was unveiled in Trafalgar Square in London on April 2, 1967, by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in his honor. Sources Antill, Peter,  Admiral Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1883 - 1963.â€Å"Biography of Andrew Cunningham.†Ã‚  Royal Naval Museum, Royal Naval Museum Library, 2004.

Writing Is An Important Aspect - 1124 Words

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Insect Repellant Free Essays

Introduction A. Background of the Study For us, a house is a place of residence. It is usually a place in which an individual or a family can rest, store personal property, and prepare food. We will write a custom essay sample on Insect Repellant or any similar topic only for you Order Now In able for the house to fulfill its function, we need to eliminate some factors that disturb us in doing these things. One example is the insect. One of the easiest ways to prevent insects is to use insect repellant. This is the reason why I decide to make a liquid insect repellant for my Science Investigatory Project. There are many commercially available liquid insect repellant in the market. The commonly used commercial liquid insect repellant in the Philippines is quite unaffordable and use chemical that may cause irritation. I plan to use natural ingredients in my Science Investigatory Project. Since the ingredient to be used is natural, the liquid insect repellant to be made is more affordable and environment friendly. B. Statement of the Problem Is it possible to make an effective liquid repellant out of cacao leaves, garlic, vegetable oil, and eucalyptus oil? If it is possible, how is the price and effectiveness of it comparing to the commercially available one? C. Significance of the Study The study is significant to the people who want to protect their house and their love ones against insects specially those who cannot afford the commercially available insect repellant which uses chemicals. Chapter II : Review of Related Literature Chemical Repellants It is no wonder that, considering all of the above mentioned diseases, humans have worked for decades searching for a way to repel these insects. In 1946, a chemical called DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) was developed by the US Army and released for civilian use in 1957. DEET confuses the receptors of most biting insects, rendering them virtually ‘blind’ and thus much†¦ How to cite Insect Repellant, Papers

Report on the UK Criminal Law

Question: Dicuss a reflective report on the UK Criminal Law in the year 2014 - 2015? Answer: As per the requirements of the assignment, a reflective has been drawn upon the criminal law from the year 2014 to 2015 in United Kingdom. Various changes has been adapted on criminal law in the United Kingdom. In the month of March 2015, a change has been regarding the criminal procedure rule. The Criminal Procedure Rule Committee is liable for the changes, which is referred as Amendment No 2. These changes bring to the criminal law a new and innovative procedure for conducting trials in magistrates courts. The new rule is termed as trial by a single justice on the papers. Sections 46 to 50 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 make changes to the Justices' Courts Act 1980, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and some different Acts. The new statutory provisions apply to offenses charged against a grown-up (not somebody under 18), if the charged offense must be attempted in a judges' court (thus is not one sufficiently genuine to be sent to the Crown Court for trial) and if, in the occasion of conviction, the sentence for the offense cannot be detainment. Where the new provisions apply, a solitary justice of the peace, on the premise of composed material, can attempt the litigant just, in the parties' unlucky deficiency furthermore, without a hearing. The new provisions require the Criminal Procedure Rules to recommend the archives that the prosecutor must send to the litigant, and to endorse the period inside which the litigant must react to those reports before a solitary justice trial can occur (Justice.gov, 2014). In the month of February, some of the changes, which are made regarding criminal procedure, came into force on 2nd February 2015. The parts, which are affected are as follows: 6, 17, 39, 52 and 76. New rules, which have been added up on the criminal proceedings, are stated below: New rule has been added which is known as ground rules hearing. This addition is made on part 3 of the criminal procedure rules. New rule is also added up on part 63 of the criminal proceeding. The new rule states that advance notice is compulsory if an evidence is going to presented in the court of law during the appeal. This rule is only applicable if the appeal is made to the Crown court against a conviction by a magistrates court (justice.gov, 2015). In the month of September 2014, Tessa Szagun who used to be member of the committee had retired. Thus, Lord Chancellor has appointed Sian Jones as the Justices clerk Committee member. A list of standard trial preparation time limits has been enlisted in the page 7 of the magistrates courts trial preparation form. Time limits are stated in order to clarify the particular obligation on the defendant during the time of preparing application for prosecution disclosure. In the month August 2014 the list of standard trial preparation limit of the time in the page 7 of the court of the magistrate trial preparation form has been authorized to make amendment by The Lord Chief Justice. The limit of time for the Application for disclosure has be written again in order to make the obligation of the defendant clear for the prosecution disclosure in order to make an application. This form comes in the Forms page under the heading Part-3-Case management. On the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website the amendments were published. The amendments have appeared on 6th October, 2014 after those come into force. There has been a replacement of the the Criminal Procedure Rules 2013, the Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2013 and the Criminal Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2013.in the year 2014. The new rules come into force on Monday 6th October 2014. The new changes include the process of the trial and its preparation considering parts 3, 38 and 39 of the Criminal Procedure Rules. This is followed by the process of appeals to the high court considering the extradition cases in Part 17 of the Rules. It also includes the expert evidence of part 33 of the Rules. Lastly it also includes the procedures that need to be adhered to in case certain proceedings are considered to be void or when there are certain orders that are deemed to be set aside. This is also applicable in a magistrates court considering part 37 of the Rules (justice.gov, 2015). The second aspect of the amendment include the service of the documents pertaining to part 4 along with the applications for the access to certain materials that are used for the purpose of attaining search warrants as per part 5. The production of the indictments pertaining to the Crown courts were also amended for parts 12 and 14. If a defendant was charged for low value shop lifting, then they would from now on be sent to trial. Amendments were also brought about for the application for witnesses summons as per part 28, for endorsing driving records as per part 55 and for the behaviour orders as per part 50 (justice.gov, 2015). In the month of March 2014 for preparation of trial the Lord Chief Justice has authorized the use of the amendment form in magistrates courts so that the defendant pleads not guilty. The Rule Committees case management group that is inclusive of members of others practitioners and the committee devise them. In order to assist courts the modifications are planned in order to avoid hearings which are not required to ensure that the trial occurs effectively and on time. The notes and form are structured on the Forms page, which comes under the section Part-3- Case management. Reference: Justice.gov.uk (2015). A GUIDE TO THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE RULES 2014 (S.I. 2014/1610). Retrieved 1 April 2015, from https://www./courts/procedure-rules/criminal/docs/2014/criminal-procedure-rules-2014.pdf Justice.gov.uk, (2015). A GUIDE TO THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (AMENDMENT) RULES 2015 (S.I. 2015/13). [online] Available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/criminal/docs/2015/guide-to-criminal-procedure-amendment-rules-2015.pdf [Accessed 1 Apr. 2015]. Justice.gov.uk, (2014). Criminal Procedure Rules. [online] Available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/criminal [Accessed 1 Apr. 2015].